{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:38:45Z","timestamp":1760146725150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project Dys4Vet","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046914","COMPETE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046914","COMPETE2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046914","COMPETE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046914","COMPETE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) screening relies on accurate positioning in the ventrodorsal hip extended (VDHE) view, as even mild pelvic rotation can affect CHD scoring and impact breeding decisions. This study aimed to assess the association between pelvic rotation and asymmetry in obturator foramina areas (AOFAs) and to develop a computer vision model for automated AOFA measurement. In the first part, 203 radiographs were analyzed to examine the relationship between pelvic rotation, assessed through asymmetry in iliac wing and obturator foramina widths (AOFWs), and AOFAs. A significant association was found between pelvic rotation and AOFA, with AOFW showing a stronger correlation (R2 = 0.92, p &lt; 0.01). AOFW rotation values were categorized into minimal (n = 71), moderate (n = 41), marked (n = 37), and extreme (n = 54) groups, corresponding to mean AOFA \u00b1 standard deviation values of 33.28 \u00b1 27.25, 54.73 \u00b1 27.98, 85.85 \u00b1 41.31, and 160.68 \u00b1 64.20 mm2, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc testing confirmed significant differences in AOFA across these groups (p &lt; 0.01). In part two, the dataset was expanded to 312 images to develop the automated AOFA model, with 80% allocated for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. On the 32 test images, the model achieved high segmentation accuracy (Dice score = 0.96; Intersection over Union = 0.93), closely aligning with examiner measurements. Paired t-tests indicated no significant differences between the examiner and model\u2019s outputs (p &gt; 0.05), though the Bland\u2013Altman analysis identified occasional discrepancies. The model demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.99) with a standard error of 17.18 mm2. A threshold of 50.46 mm2 enabled effective differentiation between acceptable and excessive pelvic rotation. With additional training data, further improvements in precision are expected, enhancing the model\u2019s clinical utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11120630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T10:11:47Z","timestamp":1733739107000},"page":"630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automated Assessment of Pelvic Longitudinal Rotation Using Computer Vision in Canine Hip Dysplasia Screening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Franco-Gon\u00e7alo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neadvance Machine Vision SA, 4705-002 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9842-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Alves-Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6573-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lio","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fintan","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neadvance Machine Vision SA, 4705-002 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Ginja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.04.009","article-title":"Diagnosis, Genetic Control and Preventive Management of Canine Hip Dysplasia: A Review","volume":"184","author":"Ginja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. 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