{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:37:55Z","timestamp":1759970275946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of recycled manure solids (RMS) as cow bedding in dairy farms poses concerns due to its potential to harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the impact of RMS supplementation with biochar at three concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) on bacterial counts and on the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus isolates. The results show that biochar supplementation did not promote a significant reduction in bacterial numbers. Overall, there were no significant changes in the isolates\u2019 virulence or resistance profiles, and none of the isolates obtained were classified as high or moderate threats based on their MAR and VIR indexes. The most pathogenic Enterococcus isolates found were present in the control samples. A phylogenetic analysis of E. coli isolates allowed us to identify phylogroup D strains, predominantly in RMS supplemented with 2.5% and 10% biochar, which are associated with higher virulence and resistance. These findings indicate that the biochar concentrations tested were not effective in significantly reducing the bacterial risks associated with RMS. Further research is needed to evaluate different biochar formulations and concentrations, aiming to optimize its potential use for RMS supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T09:24:42Z","timestamp":1736501082000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential of Pine Biochar to Mitigate Bacterial Hazards Present in Recycled Manure Solids from Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5416-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Jos\u00e9","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9441-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1741-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Fernandes","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7302-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9lia","family":"Chambel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1741-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Fangueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF Research Center, Terra Associate Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Bexiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal 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