{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:33:49Z","timestamp":1772606029336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/00772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772"]}]},{"name":"National Funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Portugal)","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral complete blood cell count (CBC) and blood ratios, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-red blood cell ratio (NRR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been used in the diagnosis and prognosis of several cancers; however, their relevance in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) remains to be investigated. This study investigated whether CBC, NLR, NRR, and PLR could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in dogs with splenic HSA. Analyzing medical records of 154 dogs undergoing splenectomy from 2018 to 2022, we found that dogs diagnosed with splenic HSA (n = 63) had significantly higher neutrophil counts (14.9 \u00b1 9.7 vs. 12.6 \u00b1 9.6; p &lt; 0.001), increased NRR (3.7 \u00b1 2.6 vs. 2.7 \u00b1 3.7; p &lt; 0.001), lower platelet counts (145 \u00b1 111 vs. 270 \u00b1 213; p &lt; 0.001), and reduced PLR (139.4 \u00b1 160.0 vs. 259.9 \u00b1 278.0; p &lt; 0.001) compared to dogs with other splenic lesions. This study also identified a higher risk of relapse and mortality associated with increased NRR (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively) and an inverse relationship with PLR (p = 0.015 and p = 0.033, respectively), whereas NLR showed no significant association. The multivariate survival analysis identified NRR as an independent prognostic factor for DFI [hazard ratio (1.837); 95% confidence interval (1.147\u20132.942); p = 0.011], while for OS, the association did not reach statistical significance [hazard ratio (1.510); 95% confidence interval (0.985\u20132.314); p = 0.059]. These findings highlight the potential of NRR and PLR as biomarkers for assessing diagnosis and prognosis in canine splenic HSA, advocating for further validation in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12040346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T05:03:07Z","timestamp":1744174987000},"page":"346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Blood Ratios in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma: A Multicentric Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vasco da Gama Research Centre (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. Jos\u00e9 R Sousa Fernandes, 297, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"OneVet Group, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Porto, Rua Palmeiras 19, 4150-562, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU, Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU, Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"AniCura, CHV Porto, Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevedo 118, 4100-320 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OneVet Group, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Porto, Rua Palmeiras 19, 4150-562, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona, University of Humanities and Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA-ICETA), University of Porto, Pra\u00e7a do Coronel Pacheco 15, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Atl\u00e2ntico, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio, Rua Quintino Ant\u00f3nio Gomes 12, 2640-402 Mafra, Portugal"},{"name":"iNOVA4Health, IPO-Lisboa, Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vasco da Gama Research Centre (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. Jos\u00e9 R Sousa Fernandes, 297, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"OneVet Group, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra (HUVC), Av. Jos\u00e9 R Sousa Fernandes, 297, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Vilhena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vasco da Gama Research Centre (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. Jos\u00e9 R Sousa Fernandes, 297, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Marrinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vasco da Gama Research Centre (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. Jos\u00e9 R Sousa Fernandes, 297, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"OneVet Group, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Baixo Vouga, EN1 255, 3750-742 \u00c1gueda, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felisbina L.","family":"Queiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA-ICETA), University of Porto, Pra\u00e7a do Coronel Pacheco 15, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ettinger, S.J., Feldman, E.C., and C\u00f4t\u00e9, E. 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