{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:40:23Z","timestamp":1760060423604,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds through Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, with IP national support through CHRC","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"]}]},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"]}]},{"name":"European Investment Funds by FEDER\/COMPETE\/POCI\u2014Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"]}]},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, and CERNAS, UTAD, CITAB, and \u00c9vora University","award":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04923\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04016\/2016","UID\/AGR\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER","PTDC\/CVT\/101999\/2008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130\/0.4 is commonly used for volume replacement, yet its hepatic effects in the context of acute haemorrhage remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate hepatic histopathological changes related to HES 130\/0.4 administration when compared to Ringer\u2019s lactate (RL) in healthy pigs subjected to acute bleeding under general anaesthesia. Eighteen pigs were randomised into three groups: RL (n = 6), HES 130\/0.4 (n = 6), and a non-bleeding control (n = 6). Liver tissue was collected postmortem and analysed using haematoxylin\u2013eosin staining, cytochrome c immunohistochemistry, the TUNEL assay, and M30 immunofluorescence. No statistically significant differences were observed in general histopathological changes, TUNEL, or cytochrome c expression (p &gt; 0.050). However, the pigs that received HES 130\/0.4 for volume replacement showed significantly higher intensity of the liver M30 immunostaining in the Q-score (p &lt; 0.010), H-score (p &lt; 0.010), and c indexc index (p &lt; 0.050) when compared to animals that received Ringer\u2019s lactate solution or animals in the control group. These findings suggest that HES 130\/0.4 induces increased early hepatocellular apoptosis when compared to RL in this model, raising concerns about its hepatic safety profile under haemorrhagic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T07:41:45Z","timestamp":1755848505000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatocellular Early Apoptosis Associated with HES 130\/0.4 Administration for Volume Replacement in Pigs After Severe Bleeding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Vala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Faustino-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"University of \u00c9vora, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"University of \u00c9vora, School of Science and Technology, Department of Zootechnics, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ven\u00e2ncio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Zootechnics, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2044-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aura","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Research Centre for Sustainable Chemistry (REQUIMTE), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6317-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Liza","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 ITN, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9720-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of \u00c9vora, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"University of \u00c9vora, School of Science and Technology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Assessment of Apoptosis by M 30 Immunoreactivity and the Relationship with the MSI status and the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Colorectal Carcinomas","volume":"40","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean J. 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