{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T16:46:50Z","timestamp":1764002810742,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirty dogs were equally assigned to a platelet-rich plasma group (PRPG), a photobiomodulation group (PBMTG), or a combined therapies group (PRP + PBMTG). Response to treatment was evaluated with weight-bearing distribution and different owner-reported outcome measures. Evaluations were conducted at 0, +8, +15, +30, +60, +90, +120, +150, and +180 days after the initial treatment. After the first 180 days, a crossover was performed, and a second 180-day follow-up was conducted. A second cross-over was performed, with a final 180-day follow-up. Nineteen males and eleven females were included, with a mean age of 9.4 \u00b1 2.7 years and a body weight of 26.6 \u00b1 3.8 kg. Six hips were classified as mild, eighteen as moderate, and six as severe. All treatments were able to produce clinically significant improvements in different evaluation modalities, with varied degrees of magnitude and duration. At the last follow-up, the combination of PRP and PBMT had a greater effect, showing a significant difference compared to the isolated treatments, with a moderate to large effect size. Kaplan\u2013Meier estimators showed that PRP + PBMTG had more extended periods with better results. PRP and PBMT could improve objective outcomes and client-reported outcome measures in dogs with OA. Their combined use leads to greater, longer-lasting, clinically significant improvements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:47:36Z","timestamp":1761266856000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Combined Application of Intra-Articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections and Photobiomodulation Improves Clinical Outcomes in Dogs with Osteoarthritis\u2014Results of a Long-Term, Double-Blinded, Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. C.","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"I-MVET, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon University Centre, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Miguel","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV\/ULisboa), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV\/ULisboa), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, K.L., O\u2019Neill, D.G., Brodbelt, D.C., Church, D.B., Meeson, R.L., Sargan, D., Summers, J.F., Zulch, H., and Collins, L.M. (2018). Prevalence, Duration and Risk Factors for Appendicular Osteoarthritis in a UK Dog Population under Primary Veterinary Care. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23940-z"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, J.C., Santos, A., Jorge, P., Lavrador, C., and Carreira, L.M. (2020). 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