{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:15:30Z","timestamp":1764242130522,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020\u2014AL4AnimalS","UIDB\/00006\/2020","2024.00909.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020\u2014AL4AnimalS","UIDB\/00006\/2020","2024.00909.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis is frequently associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), yet objective biomarkers for early detection remain limited. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and the CRP\/albumin ratio (CAR) in 60 dogs (45 CPV-positive and 15 healthy controls). CRP and CAR were markedly higher in infected dogs, while albumin was significantly reduced (all p &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated excellent discrimination for SIRS, with AUC values of 0.87 for CRP and 0.86 for CAR and optimal ROC01 thresholds of 2.25 mg\/dL and 1.23, respectively. The IDEXX CRP-based SIRS classification showed moderate agreement with the clinical reference (\u03ba = 0.56), whereas a conditional inference tree and logistic regression models confirmed CRP as the most informative variable. The final age-adjusted model including the interaction age \u00d7 CRP achieved superior performance (AUC = 0.93; \u03ba = 0.84), indicating that CRP\u2019s predictive effect varied with age. These results demonstrate that CRP and CAR are complementary, accessible biomarkers for assessing systemic inflammation in CPV infection and suggest that the IDEXX CRP cut-off (&gt;3 mg\/dL) may be conservative, as values above 2.25 mg\/dL already reflect clinically relevant inflammatory activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12121126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1764239116000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictive Prognosis Value of CRP Measurement and CAR in Dogs Infected with Parvovirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Miguel M.","family":"Maximino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana O.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P\u00e2mela","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telmo","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds M.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5902-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virg\u00edlio S.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"CEAUL\u2014Centro de Estat\u00edstica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-6261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solange A.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/cpph.19","article-title":"Biomarkers\u2014A General Review","volume":"76","author":"Aronson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"Inflammation and Acute Phase Response","volume":"1","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Biol. 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