{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:38:13Z","timestamp":1772930293048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT","award":["UID\/00276\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00276\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/00772\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00772\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide, and pork is a major food vehicle together with eggs and poultry meat. Contamination of pork within food processing facilities, such as slaughterhouses, can be associated with persistence of Salmonella in the environment due to biocide resistance. In this study, we assessed the susceptibility of NTS isolates from pig carcasses to a QAC-based commercial formulation according to the EN 1656\/2009 standard and the presence of QAC resistance genes through PCR. The qacE\u03941 and qacF genes were found in 31.8% and 29.5% of the isolates respectively, while qacE was absent. All isolates were found to be susceptible at a tested concentration 10 times lower (0.1%) than the minimum in-use recommended concentration, with MIC values below 0.1% (\u224870 mg\/L of Benzalkonium Chloride). Our findings point towards the importance of correct cleaning and disinfection protocols and the role of good hygiene practices as corrective and\/or preventive measures to avoid cross-contamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13030247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:31:14Z","timestamp":1772706674000},"page":"247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quaternary Ammonium Biocide Resistance in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella from Pig Carcasses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lorina","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Ferreira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Vieira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.","family":"Cota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States\u2014Major Pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. 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