{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T22:38:26Z","timestamp":1773527906271,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28908\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28908\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT","award":["UID\/04413\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic and potentially fatal disease. The prognosis of CanL depends on the severity of the clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities presented by the dog at the time of diagnosis. This study aims to estimate the survival time of dogs with CanL, determining the prognostic value of different clinical and clinicopathological parameters. Medical records of 99 dogs diagnosed with CanL in five veterinary centers of the Alentejo region (Portugal) were examined retrospectively. The majority of dogs presented hyperproteinemia, moderate normocytic normochromic anemia, normal blood urea and creatinine levels and were classified as stage 1 according to the International Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines at the time of diagnosis. The severity of anemia, presence of concomitant infectious diseases at the time of diagnosis and the anti-Leishmania therapy were correlated with the survival time. The influence of renal dysfunction was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients classified as IRIS 1 at the time of diagnosis survived more than four years, in contrast with dogs classified as IRIS 2 that survived around two and half years and dogs classified as IRIS 3\u20134 that survived around one month. IRIS stage deteriorated during the course of CanL in one third of the dogs and was the principal cause of death or euthanasia in a high proportion of animals. In some cases, dogs did not receive anti-Leishmania treatment or abandoned the veterinary follow-ups, which may have considerable repercussions for animal wellbeing and public health. This study reinforces the value of blood urea and creatinine levels as prognostic factors in CanL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7030128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T12:20:06Z","timestamp":1599222006000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prognostic Factors and Life Expectancy in Canine Leishmaniosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Agrarian School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Quinta da Alagoa-Estrada de Nelas Ranhados, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Pra\u00e7a do Munic\u00edpio 11, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 10, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Pra\u00e7a do Munic\u00edpio 11, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"Clilegre-Cl\u00ednica Veterin\u00e1ria de Portalegre, Rua Martinho Azevedo Coutinho n\u00ba 13A e 16A, 7300-817 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Pra\u00e7a do Munic\u00edpio 11, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 10, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetviana-Consult\u00f3rio Veterin\u00e1rio, Rua Padre Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f3nio da Cruz 67, 7090-284 Viana do Alentejo, \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Veterin\u00e1rio da Vidigueira, Largo Frei Ant\u00f3nio das Chagas 25A, 7960-220 Vidigueira, Beja, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Roquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Pra\u00e7a do Munic\u00edpio 11, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"VetAlter-Cl\u00ednica Veterin\u00e1ria, Avenida Padre Jos\u00e9 Agostinho Rodrigues n\u00ba 13, 7440 Alter do Ch\u00e3o, Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Vala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrarian School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Quinta da Alagoa-Estrada de Nelas Ranhados, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9264-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Santos-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57001-X","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis","volume":"57","author":"Alvar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. 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