{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T01:32:21Z","timestamp":1763429541522,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]],"date-time":"2018-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEst-OE\/QUI\/UI0616","UID\/AGR\/04033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEst-OE\/QUI\/UI0616","UID\/AGR\/04033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In many regions across the planet, flood events are now more frequent and intense because of climate change and improper land use, resulting in risks to the population. However, the procedures to accurately determine the areas at risk in regions influenced by inadequate land uses are still inefficient. In rural watersheds, inadequate uses occur when actual uses deviate from land capability, and are termed environmental land use conflicts. To overcome the difficulty to evaluate flood vulnerability under these settings, in this study a method was developed to delineate flood vulnerability areas in a land use conflict landscape: the Batatais municipality, located in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The method and its implementation resorted to remote sensed data, geographic information systems and geo-processing. Satellite images and their processing provided data for environmental factors such as altitude, land use, slope, and soil class in the study area. The importance of each factor for flood vulnerability was evaluated through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to the results, vast areas of medium to high flood vulnerability are located in agricultural lands affected by environmental land use conflicts. In these areas, amplified flood intensities, soil erosion, crop productivity loss and stream water deterioration are expected. The coverage of Batatais SP municipality by these vulnerable areas is so extensive (60%) that preventive and recovery measures were proposed in the context of a land consolidation\u2013water management plan aiming flood control and soil and water conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w10101357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T08:23:50Z","timestamp":1538468630000},"page":"1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Flood Vulnerability, Environmental Land Use Conflicts, and Conservation of Soil and Water: A Study in the Batatais SP Municipality, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anildo Monteiro","family":"Caldas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s\/n-Dois Irm\u00e3os, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Teresa Cristina Tarl\u00e9","family":"Pissarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Veterin\u00e1rias, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s\/n, Jaboticabal-SP 14884-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2404-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Cristina Ara\u00fajo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Veterin\u00e1rias, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s\/n, Jaboticabal-SP 14884-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6411-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Cartaxo Rolim","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s\/n-Dois Irm\u00e3os, Recife-PE 52171-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Zanata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Florestal, Rua do Horto, 931, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP 02377-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Roberto da Boa Viagem","family":"Parahyba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos, Unidade de Execu\u00e7\u00e3o de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Recife, Rua Ant\u00f4nio Falc\u00e3o, 402-Boa Viagem, Recife-PE 51020-240, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Filipe","family":"Sanches Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Ant\u00f3nio Leal","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2018.03.014","article-title":"A global network for operational flood risk reduction","volume":"84","author":"Alfieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-78548-269-4.50021-4","article-title":"Economic Assessment of flood prevention projects","volume":"2-Risk Management","author":"Erdlenbruch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Floods"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"DAEE\u2014Departamento de \u00c1guas e Energia El\u00e9trica (1984). Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Recursos H\u00eddricos do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Departamento de \u00c1guas e Energia El\u00e9trica."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Libardi, P.L. (2005). Din\u00e2mica da \u00e1gua no Solo, Editora da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.07.013","article-title":"An Analysis of the Flood Management and Mitigation Measures in Zimbabwe for a Sustainable Future","volume":"31","author":"Samu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.01.015","article-title":"Vulnerability assessment of households and its possible reflection in flood risk management: The case of the upper Myjava basin, Slovakia","volume":"28","author":"Michaleje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.06.055","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the impacts of land cover change on hydrologic response in four mesoscale watersheds in New York State, USA","volume":"519","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0341-8162(03)00074-2","article-title":"Nutrient losses from a vineyard soil in Northeastern Spain caused by an extraordinary rainfall event","volume":"55","author":"Ramos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.915","article-title":"Soil conservation beneath grass cover in hillside vineyards under mediterranean climatic conditions (Madrid, Spain)","volume":"21","author":"Marques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.048","article-title":"Effects of rows arrangement, soil management, and rainfall characteristics on water and soil losses in Italian sloping vineyards","volume":"166","author":"Bagagiolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2011.09.007","article-title":"Soil erosion assessment on tillage and alternative soil managements in a Sicilian Vineyard","volume":"117","author":"Novara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.04.010","article-title":"Effect of land use and management on the early stages of soil water erosion in French Mediterranean vineyards","volume":"106","author":"Blavet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.11.007","article-title":"Methods for identifying land use conflict potential using participatory mapping","volume":"122","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.069","article-title":"Soil losses in rural watersheds with environmental land use conflicts","volume":"485\u2013486C","author":"Pacheco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2014.05.012","article-title":"Environmental land use conflicts: A threat to soil conservation","volume":"41","author":"Varandas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.11.008","article-title":"Predicting shallow water table depth at regional scale from rainfall and soil data","volume":"414","author":"Calzolari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.217","article-title":"Towards resilient flood risk management for Asian coastal cities: Lessons learned from Hong Kong and Singapore","volume":"187","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"42","article-title":"A rela\u00e7\u00e3o pesquisa e extens\u00e3o na Amaz\u00f4nia","volume":"37","author":"Wadt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Ci\u00eancia do Solo Vi\u00e7osa"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2018.03.005","article-title":"Simulating the dynamics of individual adaptation to floods","volume":"84","author":"Erdlenbruch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.11.007","article-title":"On the behaviour of dynamic contributing areas and flood frequency curves in North American Prairie watersheds","volume":"414","author":"Ehsanzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2014.04.006","article-title":"A simple model to map areas prone to surface water flooding","volume":"10","author":"Rudari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.12.004","article-title":"Challenges in paleoflood hydrology applied to risk analysis in mountainous watersheds\u2014A review","volume":"529","author":"Bodoque","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Valle Junior, R.F. (2008). Diagn\u00f3stico de \u00c1reas de Risco de eros\u00e3o e Conflito de uso dos Solos na Bacia do rio Uberaba. [Ph.D. Thesis, Agronomy, State University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"IBGE\u2014INstituto Brasileiro de Geografia E Estat\u00edstica (2012). Levantamento Sistem\u00e1tico da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00edcola, INstituto Brasileiro de Geografia E Estat\u00edstica."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Zanata, M., and Pissarra, T.C.T. (2012). (Coord.). forma\u00e7\u00f5es B\u00e1sicas Para o Planejamento Ambiental, Munic\u00edpio de Batatais. Jaboticabal."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2017.02.002","article-title":"A multi criteria analog model for assessing the vulnerability of rural catchments to road spills of hazardous substances","volume":"64","author":"Siqueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.10.012","article-title":"The vulnerability of the environment to spills of dangerous substances on highways: A diagnosis based on Multi Criteria Modeling","volume":"62","author":"Machado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"FAO\u2014Food and Agriculture Organization (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources. International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, Food and Agriculture Organization. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"83","article-title":"Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process","volume":"1","author":"Saaty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Serv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488506004114","article-title":"Consistency in the analytic hierarchy process: A new approach","volume":"14","author":"Alonso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.04.046","article-title":"The role of environmental land use conflicts in soil fertility: A study on the Uberaba River basin, Brazil","volume":"562","author":"Valera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2013.03.014","article-title":"Using GIS to map impacts upon agriculture from extreme floods in Vietnam","volume":"41","author":"Chau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"92","article-title":"Impact of flood on sugarcane industry of Pakistan","volume":"4","author":"Saeed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interdiscip. J. Contemp. Res. Bus."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2015.10.006","article-title":"Flood-induced agricultural loss across China and impacts from climate indices","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Chang."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.08.001","article-title":"Integrated approach to analyze the total flood risk for agriculture: The significance of intangible damages\u2014A case study in Central Vietnam","volume":"31","author":"Nga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Wu, F., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Wu, S., Wu, Q.Z.F., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Wu, S., and Zhang, Q. (2017). Assessing agricultural system vulnerability to floods: A hybrid approach using emergy and a landscape fragmentation index. Ecol. Indic., in press."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1751","article-title":"Changing social contracts in climate-change adaptation","volume":"3","author":"Adger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302078110","article-title":"First look at changes in flood hazard in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project ensemble","volume":"111","author":"Dankers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-11-96-2007","article-title":"Is there a link between agricultural land-use management and flooding?","volume":"11","author":"Ewen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pattison, I., and Lane, S.N. (2011). The link between land-use management and fluvial flood risk: A chaotic conception?. Prog. Phys. Geogr., 30.","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133311425398"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2017.11.019","article-title":"Examining the impact of land use on flood losses in Seoul, Korea","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"EEA (European Environment Agency) (2016). Flood Risks and Environmental Vulnerability\u2014Exploring the Synergies Between Floodplain Restoration, Water Policies and Thematic Policies, Publications Office of the European Union. EEA Rep. No. 1\/2016."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2018.07.002","article-title":"Impacts of climate and land use changes on flood risk management for the Schijn River, Belgium","volume":"89","author":"Akter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.12.155","article-title":"Environmental land use conflicts in catchments: A major cause of amplified nitrate in river water","volume":"548\u2013549","author":"Pacheco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.06.068","article-title":"Groundwater quality in rural watersheds with environmental land use conflicts","volume":"493","author":"Varandas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2014.10.015","article-title":"Impacts of land use conflicts on riverine ecosystems","volume":"43","author":"Varandas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2018.07.002","article-title":"Land degradation: Multiple environmental consequences and routes to neutrality","volume":"5","author":"Pacheco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.06.016","article-title":"The ecological economics of land degradation: Impacts on ecosystem service values","volume":"129","author":"Sutton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2017.04.036","article-title":"A legal framework with scientific basis for applying the \u2018polluter pays principle\u2019 to soil conservation in rural watersheds in Brazil","volume":"66","author":"Valera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.06.075","article-title":"Flood susceptibility in rural settlements in remote zones: The case of a mountainous basin in the Sierra-Costa region of Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico","volume":"223","author":"Mendoza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.047","article-title":"Multi-criteria approach to develop flood susceptibility maps in arid regions of Middle East","volume":"196","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.12.043","article-title":"A framework model for the dimensioning and allocation of a detention basin system: The case of a flood-prone mountainous watershed","volume":"533","author":"Bellu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.255","article-title":"Integrative assessment of river damming impacts on aquatic fauna in a Portuguese reservoir","volume":"601\u2013602","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.05.003","article-title":"Improved framework model to allocate optimal rainwater harvesting sites in small watersheds for agro-forestry uses","volume":"550","author":"Cortes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Rainwater harvesting in catchments for agro-forestry uses: A study focused on the balance between sustainability values and storage capacity","volume":"613\u2013614","author":"Cortes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.05.061","article-title":"Rainwater harvesting systems for low demanding applications","volume":"529","author":"Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanches Fernandes, L.F., Pereira, M.G., Morgado, S.G., and Mac\u00e1rio, E.B. (2018). Influence of Climate Change on the Design of Retention Basins in Northeastern Portugal. Water, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/w10060743"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(00)00050-X","article-title":"Effects of continuous use of cattle manure and fertilizer phosphorus on crop yields and soil organic phosphorus in a vertisol","volume":"75","author":"Rupa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2017.03.012","article-title":"Weed strip management for minimizing soil erosion and enhancing productivity in the sloping lands of north-eastern India","volume":"170","author":"Lenka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2017.10.009","article-title":"Tillage management impacts on soil compaction, erosion and crop yield in Stagnosols (Croatia)","volume":"160","author":"Bogunovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12274","article-title":"Agricultural sediment reduction using natural herbaceous buffer strips: A case study of the east African highland","volume":"31","author":"Alemu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Environ. J."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Valera, C.A. (2017). Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do Novo C\u00f3digo Florestal: As \u00c1reas de Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o Permanente\u2014APPS, e a Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Qualidade do solo e da \u00e1gua Superficial. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio De Mesquita Filho\u201d (UNESP), Faculdade De Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias E Veterin\u00e1rias C\u00e2mpus De Jaboticabal]. (In Portuguese)."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.06.005","article-title":"Integration of water management and land consolidation in rural areas to adapt to climate change: Experiences from Poland and the Netherlands","volume":"77","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12042","article-title":"Decision support systems in water resources in the demarcated region of Douro\u2014Case study in Pinh\u00e3o River Basin, Portugal","volume":"28","author":"Marques","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Environ. J."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"411","article-title":"Model of management and decision support systems in the distribution of water for consumption: Case study in North Portugal","volume":"15","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.03.014","article-title":"Rural households\u2019 flood preparedness and social determinants in Mwandi district of Zambia and Eastern Zambezi Region of Namibia","volume":"28","author":"Senzanje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."}],"container-title":["Water"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/10\/10\/1357\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:23:10Z","timestamp":1760196190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/10\/10\/1357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["w10101357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w10101357","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4441"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4441"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]}}}