{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:40:59Z","timestamp":1767991259243,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) to improve the energy efficiency of water networks has been studied in the last years. This recovery system is justified due to a low investment contrasting with the capacity to take advantage in certain points with low and medium recoverable heads. Analyses of water systems using simulation software and\/or optimization algorithms need the characteristic curves (head and efficiency) of the machines, which should be known with minor error by the water managers. The knowledge of the best efficiency point (BEP) as a turbine is one of the major limitations when the user wants to choose PATs. In this sense, the present research defines new approach equations to estimate the BEP of the PAT, as well as to predict the characteristic curves, comparing the results with the rest of the published methods. The comparison demonstrated that the new proposal reduced the error indexes, improved the R2 and increased the accuracy of the error ellipse using an experimental database of 181 different PATs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w12020468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T11:45:30Z","timestamp":1581421530000},"page":"468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Improved Planning of Energy Recovery in Water Systems Using a New Analytic Approach to PAT Performance Curves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modesto","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rural and Agrifood Engineering Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena M.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources Departement, CERIS (Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7043-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Amparo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.09.010","article-title":"Efficiency achievement in water supply systems\u2014A review","volume":"30","author":"Coelho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1462-0758(00)00016-9","article-title":"Pumps as turbines: An unconventional solution to energy production","volume":"1","author":"Ramos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urban Water"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goonetilleke, A., and Vithanage, M. (2017). 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