{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:53:07Z","timestamp":1760233987480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88881.134251\/2016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.134251\/2016-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: We analyzed the diatom community structure of the surface sediments, in three permanent ponds in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil, to better understand how biota in these aquatic environments depend on structural connectivity and functional connectivity: (2) Methods: Ten samples sites were established in each pond, water and the sediment were taken during the flood period. Abiotic\u2013biotic variables were determined and standardized; (3) Results: The three ponds presented acidic water and high concentration of nitrogen, with the highest acidity for Ferradura Pond (P1) and the highest trophic status index for Burro Pond (P2), but the greatest environmental variations occurred in Caracar\u00e1 Pond (P3). The variation in diversity between sites in the same pond is what contributes the most to gamma diversity. The most abundant species was Aulacoseiraitalica (Ehrenberg) Simonsen and the genus Eunotia Ehrenberg was the most representative in species. Ferradura Pond, there was a relationship between compositional and environmental dissimilarities with geographic distance, but there was no independent. Burro Pond, the relationship the compositional variation with environmental variables was not significant. Caracar\u00e1 Pond, there was a relationship of compositional dissimilarity both with geographical distance and with environmental; (4) Conclusions: The set of results suggests that the mechanisms that determine the metacommunity of each pond are different and that the environmental conditions and dispersion influenced the structure and composition. Since, diatom species were different between ponds, and ponds more eutrophic showed less diversity. The pH and oligotrophy were the main factors to maintain the greatest diversity of species of the genus Eunotia and the greatest abundance of Aulacoseira italica. Knowing the dynamics and structure of diatoms, which are at the beginning of the food chain, is essential for conserving, maintaining, or rehabilitating wetland ecosystems, such as the Pantanal, which is part La Plata river basin, which represents the second largest surface for water resources in South America and the Guarani Aquifer System, the biggest unified groundwater aquifer in the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w13060823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T21:43:31Z","timestamp":1616017411000},"page":"823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variation of Diatoms at Different Scales in the Brazilian Pantanal Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5280-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o de Engenharia Agr\u00edcola, Recursos H\u00eddricos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1, Cascavel CEP 85819-110, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8766-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 A.","family":"Padial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lise e S\u00edntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Bot\u00e2nica, Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bot\u00e2nica, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba CEP 81531-990, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais, N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupelia), Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 CEP 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Denise C.","family":"Bicudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Ecologia, Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica, SIMA, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP 04301-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Claudia M. d. S.","family":"Cordovil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Estudos Florestais CEF, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Silvio C.","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o de Engenharia Agr\u00edcola, Recursos H\u00eddricos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1, Cascavel CEP 85819-110, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1278","article-title":"Biodiversity in metacommunities, Plankton as complex adaptive systems?","volume":"49","author":"Leibold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Limnol. 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