{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T09:12:20Z","timestamp":1770369140017,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and CAPES (Brazilian National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education)","award":["CNPq and CAPES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq and CAPES"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Domestic wastewater has been targeted for the presence of emerging contaminants such as antibiotics, of which diclofenac is one of the most frequently detected. Many studies have focused on the removal of these emerging pollutants. However, the legislation has focused on toxicity monitoring. In search of simplified solutions for rural areas, and to guarantee the safe reuse of effluent in agriculture, this study evaluated the efficiency of a decentralized solar disinfection (SODIS) system regarding the reduction of ecotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and pathogens in domestic wastewater after adding diclofenac potassium. For this purpose, the bioindicators Artemia sp., Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa were used, after 1, 2, and 3 h of exposure to solar radiation. After 3 h of exposure to solar radiation, toxicity was reduced and root growth inhibition was noted, which indicates low effluent toxicity after treatment by the SODIS system. It was achieved a reduction of 3 and 2 log units in the concentration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w13081043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T21:47:33Z","timestamp":1618264053000},"page":"1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diclofenac Toxicity Abatement in Wastewater with Solar Disinfection: A Study in the Rural Area of Brazil\u2019s Central\u2212West Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nath\u00e1lia","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandar\u00e9, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Marquiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandar\u00e9, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3159-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Calheiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Cavalheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrosantech-Agrotechnology-Oriented Sustainable Sanitation Research Group, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandar\u00e9, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrosantech-Agrotechnology-Oriented Sustainable Sanitation Research Group, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandar\u00e9, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6878-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Cavazzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandar\u00e9, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5447-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrosantech-Agrotechnology-Oriented Sustainable Sanitation Research Group, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandar\u00e9, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065","article-title":"A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment","volume":"473","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. 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