{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:59:36Z","timestamp":1760234376689,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carlsberg Foundation, Research Council of Nature and Universe","award":["272-08-0406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272-08-0406"]}]},{"name":"TK Foundation, Dronning Margrethes og Prins Henriks Fond, Torben and Alice Frimodts Fond, Christian og Ottila Brorsons Rejselegat","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research,  Aarhus University, University of Copenhagen","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Danish project CRES and the EU project MARS (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water Resources under multiple Stress) funded under the 7th EU Framework Programme, Theme 6 (Environment including Climate Change)","award":["603378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["603378"]}]},{"name":"T\u00dcBITAK, BIDEB 2232 program","award":["118C250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["118C250"]}]},{"name":"Galathea 3 expedition.","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"SNI-ANII Uruguay","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"L\u2019Or\u00e9al-UNESCO national award for Women in Science","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disentangling the effects of climate change on nature is one of the main challenges facing ecologists nowadays. Warmer climates forces strong effects on lake biota for fish, leading to a reduction in size, changes in diet, more frequent reproduction, and stronger cascading effects. Space-for-time substitution studies (SFTS) are often used to unravel climate effects on lakes biota; however, results from continental lakes are potentially confounded by biogeographical and evolutionary differences, also leading to an overall higher fish species richness in warm lakes. Such differences may not be found in lakes on remote islands, where natural fish free lakes have been subjected to stocking only during the past few hundred years. We studied 20 species-poor lakes located in two remote island groups with contrasting climates, but similar seasonality: the Faroe Islands (cold; 6.5 \u00b1 2.8 \u00b0C annual average (SD) and the Azores Islands (warm; 17.3 \u00b1 2.9 \u00b0C)). As for mainland lakes, mean body size of fish in the warmer lakes were smaller overall, and phytoplankton per unit of phosphorus higher. The \u03b413C carbon range for basal organisms, and for the whole food web, appeared wider in colder lakes. In contrast to previous works in continental fresh waters, Layman metrics of the fish food web were similar between the two climatic regions. Our results from insular systems provide further evidence that ambient temperatures, at least partially, drive the changes in fish size structure and the cascading effects found along latitude gradients in lakes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w13101380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T02:31:34Z","timestamp":1621218694000},"page":"1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Food Webs and Fish Size Patterns in Insular Lakes Partially Support Climate-Related Features in Continental Lakes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental, CURE, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Maldonado 20100, Uruguay"}]},{"given":"Susanne L.","family":"Amsinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5737-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, R. M\u00e3e de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborato\u00f3rio Associado, P\u00f3lo dos A\u00e7ores, Rua M\u00e3e de Deus 13 A, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. Neto","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, R. M\u00e3e de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liselotte S.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Kirsten S.","family":"Christoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Torben L.","family":"Lauridsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F. M\u00f8llers All\u00e9 8, Bldg. 1110, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1514-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Rikke","family":"Bjerring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Landkildehus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Klaus P.","family":"Brodersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Meerhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental, CURE, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Maldonado 20100, Uruguay"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0542-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli-Mersin 33731, Turkey"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2001.015002320.x","article-title":"Ecological consequences of recent climate change","volume":"15","author":"McCarty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Conserv. 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