{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:26:57Z","timestamp":1771468017835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence nationale de la recherce","award":["ANR-17-EURE-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-EURE-0015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ocean processes can locally modify the upper ocean density structure, leading to an attenuation or a deflection of sound signals. Among these phenomena, eddies cause significant changes in acoustic properties of the ocean; this suggests a possible characterization of eddies via acoustics. Here, we investigate the propagation of sound signals in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean in the presence of eddies of Mediterranean Water (Meddies). Relying on a high-resolution simulation of the Atlantic Ocean in which Meddies were identified and using the Bellhop acoustic model, we investigated the differences in sound propagation in the presence and absence of Meddies. Meddies create sound channels in which the signals travel with large acoustic energy. The transmission loss decreases to 80 or 90 dB; more signals reach the synthetic receivers. Outside of these channels, the sound signals are deflected from their normal paths. Using receivers at different locations, the acoustic impact of different Meddies, or of the same Meddy at different stages of its life, are characterized in terms of angular distributions of times of arrivals and of energy at reception. Determining the influence of Meddies on acoustic wave characteristics at reception is the first step to inverting the acoustic signals received and retrieving the Meddy hydrological characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w13243617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T21:32:40Z","timestamp":1639690360000},"page":"3617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of Subsurface Mediterranean Water Eddies on Sound Propagation Using ROMS Output and the Bellhop Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8675-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hassantabar Bozroudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie Physique et Spatiale, Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale, Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, 29280 Brest, France"},{"name":"Department of Non-Biologic Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 79177, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8767-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Ciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mohammad Mahdizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-Biologic Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 79177, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akbarinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 29280, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1601-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Claudia Barbosa","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1649-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Peliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Chapron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie Physique et Spatiale, Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale, Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, 29280 Brest, France"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Fablet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mines Telecom Atlantique, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzane, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Carton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie Physique et Spatiale, Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale, Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, 29280 Brest, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Maia, L.P., Carriere, O., Parente, C.E., and Hermand, J.P. 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