{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:58:15Z","timestamp":1762642695144,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direc\u00e3o Regional para o Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio e dos Recursos H\u00eddricos \u2013 Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas","award":["no applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Groundwater contributes to the maintenance of the functioning of ecosystems, through aspects related to hydrodynamics and chemical composition. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDE) also offer a wide spectrum of ecosystem services to populations; therefore, their identification and mapping, which is the focus of the present paper, is of high value to environmental policies; for example, WFD envisages protecting both water bodies and GDE. An ecosystem dependence index was applied to proceed with this task in the Azores archipelago, being estimated by adding the values of three partial variables (spring density; wetlands\/lakes; river baseflow) over a 10 by 10 m2 grid; with this methodology avoiding pitfalls due to lack of data. The results enabled the identification and mapping of five GDE, in Flores and S\u00e3o Miguel islands, supported by only three of the 28 groundwater bodies delimited in the Azores RBD. Those groundwater bodies are considered to have a good status according to the WFD requirements; thus, GDE, regardless of their typology, are not at risk of deterioration as a result of the interaction with groundwater. Nevertheless, other studies have shown that some GDE are in conflicting ecological areas and require specific management and protection measures, coupling land use and water resource planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w14071126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1648848235000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification and Mapping of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems in the AZORES Volcanic Archipelago (Portugal)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Virg\u00edlio","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"IVAR\u2014Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"IVAR\u2014Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-1987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVAR\u2014Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"CIVISA\u2014Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DROTRH\u2014Regional Directorate for Spatial Planning and Water Resources, 9500-160 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Cymbron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DROTRH\u2014Regional Directorate for Spatial Planning and Water Resources, 9500-160 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Younger, P. 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