{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:13:38Z","timestamp":1774077218086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science &amp; Technology In-novation Funding Authority, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt","award":["43623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43623"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing the evaporation zone inside the solar distiller (SD) is a pivotal method for augmenting its freshwater production. Hence, in this work, a newly designed prismatic absorber basin covered by linen wicks was utilized instead of the conventional flat absorber basin to increase the surface area of the vaporization zone in a double-slope solar distiller (DSSD). Meanwhile, for further enhancement of modified DSSD performance, dual parallel spraying nozzles are incorporated underneath the glass cover as a saltwater feed supply to minimize the thickness of the saltwater film on the wick, which enhances the heating process of the wick surface and, consequently, the evaporation and condensation processes are improved. Two double slope distillers, namely a double slope solar distiller with wick prismatic basin and dual parallel spraying nozzles (DSSD-WPB&amp;DPSN) and a traditional double slope solar distiller (TDSSD), are made and tested in the outdoor summer conditions of Tanta, Egypt (31\u00b0 E and 30.5\u00b0 N). A comparative energic\u2013exergic-economic analysis of the two proposed solar stills is also conducted, in terms of the cumulative distillation yield, daily energy efficiency, daily exergy efficiency, and cost per liter of distilled yield. The present results show that the cumulative distillation yield of the DSSD-WPB&amp;DPSN was 8.20 kg\/m2\u00b7day, which is higher than that of the TDSSD by 49.64%. Furthermore, the energy and exergy efficiencies were increased by 48.51% and 118.10%, respectively, relative to TDSSD. Additionally, the life cost assessment reveals that the cost per liter of the distilled yield of the DSSD-WPB&amp;DPSN is decreased by 11.13% compared to the TDSSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w15030610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T04:25:28Z","timestamp":1675657528000},"page":"610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Novel Design of Double Slope Solar Distiller with Prismatic Absorber Basin, Linen Wicks, and Dual Parallel Spraying Nozzles: Experimental Investigation and Energic\u2013Exergic-Economic Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8641-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Zayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31521, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ragab","family":"Diab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadl A.","family":"Essa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Otto L.","family":"Muskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ammar H.","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"},{"name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134574","article-title":"The growing water crisis in Central Asia and the driving forces behind it","volume":"378","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.135896","article-title":"Water distillation tower: Experimental investigation, economic assessment, and performance prediction using optimized machine-learning model","volume":"388","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsheikh, A.H., Panchal, H.N., Sengottain, S., Alsaleh, N.A., and Ahmadein, M. (2022). Applications of Heat Exchanger in Solar Desalination: Current Issues and Future Challenges. Water, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14060852"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2018.08.001","article-title":"Achieving universal access to clean water and sanitation in an era of water scarcity: Strengthening contributions from academia","volume":"34","author":"Tortajada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2011.580747","article-title":"Water crisis: From conflict to cooperation\u2014An overview","volume":"56","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.113103","article-title":"Hybrid solar desalination systems driven by parabolic trough and parabolic dish CSP technologies: Technology categorization, thermodynamic performance and economical assessment","volume":"220","author":"Aboelmaaref","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.06.044","article-title":"Solar thermal feed preheating techniques integrated with membrane distillation for seawater desalination applications: Recent advances, retrofitting performance improvement strategies, and future perspectives","volume":"164","author":"Zayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.09.068","article-title":"Utilization of LSTM neural network for water production forecasting of a stepped solar still with a corrugated absorber plate","volume":"148","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2016.08.023","article-title":"Review on the energy and economic efficiencies of passive and active solar distillation systems","volume":"401","author":"Tiwari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2022.103315","article-title":"A coupled artificial neural network with artificial rabbits optimizer for predicting water productivity of different designs of solar stills","volume":"175","author":"Alsaiari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"101783","article-title":"Low-cost bilayered structure for improving the performance of solar stills: Performance\/cost analysis and water yield prediction using machine learning. Sustain","volume":"49","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.07.044","article-title":"Prediction of power consumption and water productivity of seawater greenhouse system using random vector functional link network integrated with artificial ecosystem-based optimization","volume":"144","author":"Essa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101687","article-title":"Investigation and performance analysis of solar still with energy storage materials: An energy- exergy efficiency analysis","volume":"29","author":"Mevada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2022.101966","article-title":"Performance enhancement and economic analysis of pyramid solar still with corrugated absorber plate and conventional solar still: A case study","volume":"35","author":"Ghandourah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.105020","article-title":"Experimental investigation and thermo-economic performance analysis of a modified solar distiller design with thermal storage material and v-corrugated absorber basin","volume":"52","author":"Hammad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.05.068","article-title":"Exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analyses of hybrid double slope solar still loaded with nanofluids","volume":"148","author":"Sahota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.10.203","article-title":"Effect of energy storage material on a triangular pyramid solar still operating with constant water depth","volume":"8","author":"SD","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alwan, N.T., Majeed, M.H., Shcheklein, S.E., Ali, O.M., and PraveenKumar, S. (2021). Experimental Study of a Tilt Single Slope Solar Still Integrated with Aluminum Condensate Plate. Inventions, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions6040077"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2022.12.006","article-title":"A detailed review of the factors impacting pyramid type solar still performance","volume":"66","author":"Hammoodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101750","article-title":"A new optimized artificial neural network model to predict thermal efficiency and water yield of tubular solar still","volume":"30","author":"Moustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.06.037","article-title":"Hemispherical solar still: Recent advances and development","volume":"8","author":"Younis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2020.114926","article-title":"Performance enhancement of stepped basin solar still based on OSELM with traversal tree for higher energy adaptive control","volume":"502","author":"Gandhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2019.11.018","article-title":"Rotating-wick solar still with mended evaporation technics: Experimental approach","volume":"58","author":"Abdullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.125502","article-title":"Diffusion of single-effect vertical solar still fixed with inclined wick still: An experimental study","volume":"329","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2022.06.020","article-title":"Experimental investigation of a novel single-slope tilted wick solar still with an affordable channeled absorber sheet, an external condenser, and a reflector","volume":"241","author":"Darabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2022.102333","article-title":"Experimental study on the effect of the black wick on tubular solar still performance","volume":"38","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2022.101856","article-title":"Performance improvement of solar distiller using hang wick, reflectors and phase change materials enriched with nano-additives","volume":"31","author":"AbuShanab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101612","article-title":"An extensive analysis of mechanical, thermal and physical properties of jute fiber composites with different fiber orientations","volume":"28","author":"Rangasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.06.022","article-title":"Thermal investigation of a solar box-type cooker with nanocomposite phase change materials using flexible thermography","volume":"178","author":"Palanikumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2018.11.058","article-title":"Thin film technology for solar steam generation: A new dawn","volume":"177","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.10.108","article-title":"Applications of nanofluids in solar energy: A review of recent advances","volume":"82","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2014.12.036","article-title":"The effect of the water depth on the productivity for single and double basin double slope glass solar stills","volume":"359","author":"Elango","year":"2015","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/01430750.2019.1636861","article-title":"Experimental investigation on the performance of modified single basin double slope solar stills","volume":"43","author":"Gnanaraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Ambient. Energy"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2018.12.054","article-title":"Experimental performance evaluation of single basin dual slope solar still with circular and square cross-sectional hollow fins","volume":"179","author":"Jani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.09.037","article-title":"Characteristic equation of double slope passive solar still","volume":"267","author":"Dev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2016.02.039","article-title":"Effect of nanofluids on the performance of passive double slope solar still: A comparative study using characteristic curve","volume":"388","author":"Sahota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2010.08.009","article-title":"Performance study on basin type double slope solar still with different wick materials and minimum mass of water","volume":"36","author":"Murugavel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100519","article-title":"Internal and external improvements of wick type solar stills in different configurations for drinking water production\u2013 A review","volume":"12","author":"Jobrane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Groundw. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125458","article-title":"Combined influence of fin, phase change material, wick, and external condenser on the thermal performance of a double slope solar still","volume":"287","author":"Tuly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2020.115278","article-title":"Performance enhancement of stepped double slope solar still by using nanoparticles and linen wicks: Energy, exergy and economic analysis","volume":"174","author":"Sharshir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.106611","article-title":"Thermo-enviro-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic\/thermal system incorporated with u-shaped grid copper pipe, thermal electric generators and nanofluids: An experimental investigation","volume":"60","author":"Praveenkumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.126415","article-title":"Performance evaluation with low-cost aluminum reflectors and phase change material integrated to solar PV modules using natural air convection: An experimental investigation","volume":"266","author":"PraveenKumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0894-1777(88)90043-X","article-title":"Describing the uncertainties in experimental results","volume":"1","author":"Moffat","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2022.118759","article-title":"Predicting the yield of stepped corrugated solar distiller using kernel-based machine learning models","volume":"213","author":"Zayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2019.01.037","article-title":"Modeling of solar energy systems using artificial neural network: A comprehensive review","volume":"180","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moustafa, E.B., and Elsheikh, A. (2023). Predicting Characteristics of Dissimilar Laser Welded Polymeric Joints Using a Multi-Layer Perceptrons Model Coupled with Archimedes Optimizer. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15010233"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsheikh, A. (2022). Bistable Morphing Composites for Energy-Harvesting Applications. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14091893"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2022.101859","article-title":"Performance assessment of a novel solar distiller with a double slope basin covered by coated wick with lanthanum cobalt oxide nanoparticles","volume":"32","author":"Ghandourah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."}],"container-title":["Water"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/15\/3\/610\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:23:52Z","timestamp":1760120632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/15\/3\/610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["w15030610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w15030610","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}}}