{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1772202030781,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the strategic programs of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the strategic programs of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the strategic programs of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2020.00464.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00464.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"the strategic programs of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["CEECIND\/01756\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01756\/2017"]}]},{"name":"the strategic programs of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2022.l0194.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.l0194.BD"]}]},{"name":"Regulamento do Emprego Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014RJEC from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) program","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Regulamento do Emprego Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014RJEC from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) program","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Regulamento do Emprego Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014RJEC from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) program","award":["2020.00464.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00464.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Regulamento do Emprego Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014RJEC from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) program","award":["CEECIND\/01756\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01756\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Regulamento do Emprego Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014RJEC from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) program","award":["2022.l0194.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.l0194.BD"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2020.00464.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00464.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["CEECIND\/01756\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01756\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2022.l0194.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.l0194.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the key role of zooplankton communities in regulating the water quality of lentic ecosystems, they are absent from the list of biological elements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the assessment of ecological status. Based on this, the present work was a case study that aimed to understand the relevance of zooplankton as a bioindicator for classifying the water quality of reservoirs. For one year and in each season, the water quality of the Torr\u00e3o reservoir was assessed using the mandatory elements proposed by the WFD in the sampling year (second cycle) and the legislation currently applicable (third cycle). Additionally, zooplankton samples were collected to characterize the community dynamic. The water quality of the Torr\u00e3o reservoir does not reach the WFD good ecological potential. Furthermore, with the updating of the criteria, the classification tends to get worse. Concerning the zooplankton, the occurrence of Cyclopoida and Bosmina are associated with lower water quality, as well as the collapse or low abundance of the Daphnia population, in the same periods. Low abundances of zooplankton are associated with better water quality, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity values decrease with the increase of the trophic state. High-efficiency feed filters and macrofiltrator organisms dominate the Torr\u00e3o reservoir in all seasons, which is associated with low water quality. The Calanoida\/Cyclopoida ratio shows a strong and negative association with the trophic state. The occurrence and abundance of species, Shannon-Wiener diversity, functional groups (high and low efficiency feed filters and macrofiltrators), and different ratios (large Cladocera\/total Cladocera and Calanoida\/Cyclopoida) are promising and valuable tools to determine the water quality status, and should be considered within the WFD metrics. Notwithstanding this, further research including reservoirs from different geographical areas with various trophic status and pressures must be analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w15091678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T01:16:25Z","timestamp":1682471785000},"page":"1678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Can Zooplankton Add Value to Monitoring Water Quality? A Case Study of a Meso\/Eutrophic Portuguese Reservoir"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6454-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"UMIB-ICBAS, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Biom\u00e9dica\u2014Instituto Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0567-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Formigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara C.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2001)011[1027:WIACW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Water in a Changing World","volume":"11","author":"Jackson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecol. 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