{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T08:02:25Z","timestamp":1775980945096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project Ocean3R","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}]},{"name":"project Ocean3R","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"project Ocean3R","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"project Ocean3R","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}]},{"name":"North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}]},{"name":"FCT Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work aims to evaluate the MP contamination of zooplankton and its impact on MP trophic transfers at the lower levels of the food web in a field study. During 1 year, seasonal surveys were conducted to collect zooplankton and water samples from different sites in two estuaries, the Douro and Lima estuaries (NW, Portugal). The zooplankton was quantified and identified into major zooplanktonic groups. Dedicated protocols that had been previously optimized were used to assess the MP presence in the water samples and in two of the most abundant zooplankton groups (copepods and chaetognaths). The results showed the presence of MPs in all water samples, with similar MP concentrations in both estuaries (Lima: 2.4 \u00b1 2.0 MPs m\u22123; Douro: 2.3 \u00b1 1.9 MPs m\u22123). In general, no temporal or spatial variations were observed. Fibres, blue and of a small size (&lt;1 mm), were the most common characteristics of the MPs found in the water and zooplankton, indicating that water can be a source of MPs for zooplankton. Chaetognatha exhibited higher MP contamination in the Lima (2.9 \u00b1 3.1 MPs ind\u22121) and Douro (2.0 \u00b1 2.8 MPs ind\u22121) estuaries than Copepoda, which tended to have lower levels of MP contamination (Lima: 0.95 \u00b1 1.12 MPs ind\u22121; Douro: 1.1 \u00b1 1.2 MPs ind\u22121). Such differences in the MP concentrations between these two categories of zooplanktonic organisms indicate a possible MP trophic transfer at the lower levels of the food web. The results highlight the novel possibility of an MP trophic transfer in zooplankton and the need to fully assess the impacts of MPs in real scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w16070992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T11:11:09Z","timestamp":1712229069000},"page":"992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing Microplastic Contamination in Zooplanktonic Organisms from Two River Estuaries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Espincho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto University, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto University, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7028-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto University, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diogo M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto University, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C. Marisa R.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto University, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto University, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, Sciences Faculty, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNEP (2016). 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