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A full factorial design of three factors (precursor:activating agent (H3PO4) ratio, pyrolysis temperature, and residence time) at two levels was used to optimize the AC production. Eight AC products were obtained and evaluated considering the following responses: product yield, specific surface area (SBET), energy consumption, and adsorptive removal of the contaminants under study. The produced AC presented satisfactory SBET, ranging between 750 and 1335 m2 g\u22121, and efficient adsorption of MB and AMX from water, achieving up to 99% removal under the studied experimental conditions (100 mg L\u22121 of MB and AMX solution and material dose of 1 g L\u22121). Statistical analysis showed that product yield and energy consumption for AC production were influenced by temperature and residence time. The determination of a desirability function indicated a precursor\/H3PO4 ratio of 1:2, pyrolysis at 700 \u00b0C, and residence time of 60 min as the optimal production conditions. The optimized AC presented SBET 1335 m2 g\u22121 and maximum adsorption capacity of 210 and 280 mg g\u22121 for MB and AMX, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w16131838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T08:57:50Z","timestamp":1719478670000},"page":"1838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Producing Efficient Adsorbents from Kraft Lignin for the Removal of Contaminants from Water\u2014A Full Factorial Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayra R.","family":"Brazil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9rika M. L.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick G. R.","family":"dos Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1005-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayara K.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana S.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9872-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Calisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara\u00edsa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3735-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirabel C.","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.101291","article-title":"Phenol-Rich Bio-Oil Derivation via Microwave-Induced Fast Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch with Activated Carbon","volume":"21","author":"Idris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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