{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T18:38:14Z","timestamp":1772649494343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FUNDEP (Foundation of Research Development), UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais) and SAMARCO","award":["4500232042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4500232042"]}]},{"name":"FUNDEP (Foundation of Research Development), UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais) and SAMARCO","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FUNDEP (Foundation of Research Development), UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais) and SAMARCO","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FUNDEP (Foundation of Research Development), UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais) and SAMARCO","award":["140161\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140161\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["4500232042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4500232042"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["140161\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140161\/2021-0"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Brazil\u2019s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4500232042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4500232042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Brazil\u2019s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Brazil\u2019s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Brazil\u2019s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140161\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140161\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The watershed of the Peixe River lies in central Minas Gerais state, close to Belo Horizonte city, a densely populated area. The area is located in the geological context of Quadril\u00e1tero Ferr\u00edfero, one of the most prominent mineral provinces in Brazil. To better recognize surface and groundwater availability, some methodologies have been applied to evaluate the minimal surface flow rates, groundwater recharge, and water reserves. The basin includes three main aquifer systems: Cau\u00ea (porous and fissured aquifer), related to iron formations; Gandarela, related to karst-fissured rocks; and Cercadinho, related to metapelite rocks. The Cau\u00ea aquifer presented the highest effective porosity and hydraulic conductivity. In contrast, the Cercadinho aquitard shows the lowest hydrodynamic parameters. Data between the years of 2004 and 2024 from 21 pumping tests from wells associated with the three aquifer systems were obtained to estimate the respective recharge rate. The recharge was evaluated by numeric recursive filter and recession-curve displacement methods. The recharge results with the numeric filter method showed underestimated values. Regarding the recession-curve displacement method, the results were more consistent with other studies in the surroundings. The average recharge estimated for the basin represents 24% to 54% of annual pluviometry in the hydrological periods of analysis. The recharge data were accounted for in the reserves calculation, including permanent and renewable reserves. Total permanent reserves were estimated to be 3.16 \u00d7 109 m3, including the prior aquifer systems of Cau\u00ea, Gandarela, and Cercadinho. The total mean renewable reserves of the basin were calculated to be 4.55 \u00d7 107 m3\/year in the analyzed period. The high BFImax indexes found in baseflow separation, above 90%, suggest a relevant contribution of the karstic Gandarela aquifer on the watershed surface flow. Although in some years it has been concluded that groundwater exploitation outlines the renewable resources availability, in 2024\u2019s scenario, the granted water volume was lower than the estimated availability and reserves. The best methodologies for coupling surface and groundwater are the Weibull distribution for reference surface flows and the recessive-curve displacement for baseflow separations. This research will be a contribution to water resources management strategies for regions with high population growth and water demand increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w17040532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T05:10:22Z","timestamp":1739423422000},"page":"532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Water Resources Availability on a River Watershed in a Relevant Mineral Province (Minas Gerais, Brazil): An Integrated Approach to Water Resources Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6600-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Rodrigues de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo S\u00e9rgio","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Margarida Horta Ribeiro","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole of University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111756","article-title":"Geological and hydrogeological review of a semi-arid region with conflicts to water availability (southeastern Brazil)","volume":"202","author":"Bhering","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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