{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:55:26Z","timestamp":1760057726980,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CESAM","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2020","DL 57\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2020","DL 57\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES and FEDER","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2020","DL 57\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2020","DL 57\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia)","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2020","DL 57\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2020","DL 57\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate change is promoting the occurrence of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCBs) across freshwaters, posing serious risks for the ecosystems and human health. Under these warmer conditions, particularly blooms of invasive Aphanizomenon-like species such as Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides (previously known as Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi and Aphanizomenon\/Anabaena aphanizomenoides, respectively) have been reported to spread to higher latitudes, leading to increased toxic risks. Aphanizomenon and Anabaena genera have undergone several taxonomical revisions in recent years due to their morphological ambiguity, also corroborated by a high phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, there is also a high phenotypic and genotypic variability within each one of these species, leading to diverse physiological and ecological traits. Therefore, DNA-based information is crucial not only to overcome possible species misidentifications, but also to provide information at the strain level. However, for the invasive Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides, there is still a lack of geographically dispersed strains with available nucleotide sequences in databases, limiting deeper ecological studies to better understand their ecology and invasive trend. This review aimed to compile and discuss the geographical distribution of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides strains found in the NCBI nucleotide database and make some recommendations on the need to increase these numbers under the exponential inputs from DNA-metabarcoding. The integration of DNA-based information in water quality monitoring programmes is crucial to identify reoccurring bloom-forming strains and better understand their physiology and invasive ecology, ultimately leading to their effective forecast, and mitigation of their potential massive growth in target freshwater bodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w17040579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T11:31:17Z","timestamp":1739791877000},"page":"579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Need to Increase Strain-Specific DNA Information from the Invasive Cyanobacteria Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela R.","family":"de Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117233","article-title":"Impact of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Aquatic Ecosystem\u2014A Review","volume":"238","author":"Priya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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