{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T19:47:50Z","timestamp":1771962470100,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Water Framework Directive (WFD) was designed to protect the quality of all water resources. For reservoirs, the ecological potential classification assesses biological parameters, evaluating only the phytoplankton community. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using fish communities to determine water quality in reservoirs. A literature review was conducted to gather information on how fish community data were integrated into reservoir water quality assessment under the WFD. This work includes an exploratory case study of the Aguieira Reservoir (Portugal), evaluating the ichthyofauna community, along with physical, chemical, and biological assessment of the water. The results of the review show that fish abundance and composition (sensitive metrics) should be used to develop ecological indices for assessing water quality in reservoirs. However, the effects of anthropogenic pressures and invasive species are not included in the calculation of most proposed indices. The case study serves as an illustrative example and demonstrates low abundance and composition of the fish community with a high percentage of invasive species, revealing a poor water quality, regarding ichthyofauna biotic index results (F-IBIP). Nevertheless, including these metrics in the classification of ecological potential can help guide restoration strategies to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic pressures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w17152274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:09:27Z","timestamp":1753891767000},"page":"2274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Challenges and Opportunities in Using Fish Metrics for Reservoir Water Quality Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno E.","family":"Formigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara C.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pinheiro, P. (2024, October 31). Impactes Ecol\u00f3gicos das Obras Hidr\u00e1ulicas Transversais e as Passagens para Peixes como Medida Mitigadora. Available online: https:\/\/naturlink.pt\/print.aspx?menuid=4&cid=93897&viewall=true&print=true."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-018-1080-z","article-title":"The Transition of EU Water Policy Towards the Water Framework Directive\u2019s Integrated River Basin Management Paradigm","volume":"62","author":"Giakoumis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2000). Directive 2000\/60\/EC. Official Journal L 327, European Commission. Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2000\/60\/oj."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Dohmann, M., Grambow, M., Song, Y., and Wermter, P. (2022). Ecological Indicators for Surface Water Quality\u2014Methodological Approaches to Fish Community Assessments in China and Germany. Chinese Water Systems: Volume 4: Applied Water Management in China, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.17159\/wsa\/2019.v45.i3.6745","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of freshwater fishes as bio-indicators for urban impacts in the Crocodile (West) catchment, South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"123","article-title":"Fish Communities as Indicators of Environmental Degradation","volume":"8","author":"Fausch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Fish. Soc. Symp."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"INAG, I.P., and AFN (2025, January 28). Desenvolvimento de um \u00cdndice de Qualidade para a Fauna Pisc\u00edcola. Lisbon Minist\u00e9rio Agric. Mar Ambient. Ordenam. Territ., Available online: https:\/\/apambiente.pt\/dqa\/assets\/relat\u00f3rio-desenvolvimento-fauna-pisc\u00edcola.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.859","article-title":"Controlling for natural variability in assessing the response of fish metrics to human pressures for lakes in north-east USA","volume":"18","author":"Irz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.251","article-title":"Non-native freshwater fauna in Portugal: A review","volume":"650","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2400.2009.00659.x","article-title":"Non-native fish in the fresh waters of Portugal, Azores and Madeira Islands: A growing threat to aquatic biodiversity","volume":"16","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish. Manag. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Billard, R. (1999). The Carp: Biology and Culture, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological synopsis of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"Volume 2884","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"576","article-title":"Turbidity generation and biological impacts of an exotic fish Carassius auratus, introduced into shallow seasonally anoxic ponds","volume":"47","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsc.1999.0483","article-title":"Extinction considerations for diadromous fishes","volume":"56","author":"Jonsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2006.00485.x","article-title":"Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management","volume":"20","author":"Pullin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"P\u00e1dua, J., Bernardo, J.M., and Alves, M.H. (2025, February 04). Exerc\u00edcio De Intercalibra\u00e7\u00e3o Em Massas De \u00c1gua Fortemente Modificadas\u2014Albufeiras, No \u00c2mbito Da Diretiva Quadro da \u00c1gua. Available online: http:\/\/www.apambiente.pt\/dqa\/assets\/exerc\u00edcio-de-intercalibra\u00e7\u00e3o-em-albufeiras.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2015.05.022","article-title":"An assessment of the ecological potential of Central and Western European reservoirs based on fish communities","volume":"173","author":"Blabolil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1051\/kmae\/2017043","article-title":"A simple fish-based approach to assess the ecological quality of freshwater reservoirs in Central Europe","volume":"418","author":"Blabolil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.03.028","article-title":"Development of a fish-based index (FBI) of biotic integrity for French lakes using the hindcasting approach","volume":"11","author":"Launois","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"INAG, I.P. (2008). Manual para a Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Biol\u00f3gicada Qualidade da \u00c1gua em Sistemas Fluviais Segundo a Directiva Quadro da \u00c1gua Protocolo de Amostragem e An\u00e1lise para a Fauna Pisc\u00edcola, Minist\u00e9rio do Ambiente, do Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio e do Desenvolvimento Regional, Instituto da \u00c1gua, I.P.. Available online: https:\/\/dspace.uevora.pt\/rdpc\/bitstream\/10174\/6612\/1\/INAG%202008-%20Protocolo%20de%20amostragem%20fauna%20pisc\u00edcola.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2015). Water Quality\u2014Sampling of Fish with Multi-Mesh Gillnets (Standard No. CEN Standard EN 14757). Available online: https:\/\/standards.iteh.ai\/catalog\/standards\/sist\/7fca9d80-eb05-4517-89af-4e8c02256c13\/sist-en-14757-2015."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13333","article-title":"Comparison of nine different methods to assess fish communities in lentic flood-plain habitats","volume":"91","author":"Mueller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"APA, ICNF, CEF, and Greenreference (2024, October 15). Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o Web para o C\u00e1lculo do \u00cdndice Pisc\u00edcola de Integridade Bi\u00f3tica para Rios Vade\u00e1veis de Portugal Continental (F-IBIP). n.d. Available online: https:\/\/www.isa.ulisboa.pt\/proj\/fibip\/index.php."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"INAG, I.P. (2009). Crit\u00e9rios de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado das Massas de \u00c1gua\u2014Rios e Albufeiras, Minist\u00e9rio do Ambiente, do Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio e do Desenvolvimento Regional. Available online: https:\/\/apambiente.pt\/dqa\/criterios-classificacao.html."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/07438140903238567","article-title":"Ecological classification of a set of Mediterranean reservoirs applying the EU Water Framework Directive: A reasonable compromise between science and management","volume":"25","author":"Navarro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lake Reserv. Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-012-1282-y","article-title":"Development of a fish-based index to assess the eutrophication status of European lakes","volume":"704","author":"Argillier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6484-y","article-title":"Macroinvertebrate and fish communities in the watershed of a re-constructed Mediterranean water body: Link to the ecological potential","volume":"190","author":"Bobori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-005-0812-3","article-title":"Comparison between the fish communities of lakes, reservoirs and rivers: Can natural systems help define the ecological potential of reservoirs?","volume":"68","author":"Irz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2495\/DNE-V7-N2-166-172","article-title":"Fish-Based Assessment of the Ecological Status of the Kis-Balaton\u2013Balaton Reservoir\u2013Lake System, Hungary","volume":"7","author":"Paulovis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Des. Nat. Ecodynamics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pieckiel, P., Koz\u0142owski, K., and Kuczy\u0144ski, T. (2024). Ecological Potential of Freshwater Dam Reservoirs Based on Fish Index, First Evaluation in Poland. Water, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/w16152169"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cesonien\u0117, L., \u0160ileikien\u0117, D., and Dapkien\u0117, M. (2020). Relationship between the Water Quality Elements of Water Bodies and the Hydrometric Parameters: Case Study in Lithuania. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12020500"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.255","article-title":"Integrative assessment of river damming impacts on aquatic fauna in a Portuguese reservoir","volume":"601\u2013602","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00796.x","article-title":"Long-term pattern of alternative stable states in two shallow eutrophic lakes","volume":"30","author":"Blindow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Freshw. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, S., Pinto, I., Formigo, N., and Antunes, S.C. (2021). Microalgae Growth Inhibition-Based Reservoirs Water Quality Assessment to Identify Ecotoxicological Risks. Water, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/w13192605"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112151","article-title":"Can biochemical endpoints improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays with standard species, for water quality evaluation?","volume":"215","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, I., Rodrigues, S., and Antunes, S.C. (2021). Assessment of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Evaluation of the Water Quality of Portuguese Reservoirs: An Experimental Approach. Water, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/w13233391"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19504-4","article-title":"An ecotoxicological approach can complement the assessment of natural waters from Portuguese reservoirs?","volume":"29","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, S., Xavier, B., Nogueira, S., and Antunes, S.C. (2023). Intermittent Rivers as a Challenge for Freshwater Ecosystems Quality Evaluation: A Study Case in the Ribeira de Silveirinhos, Portugal. Water, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/w15010017"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, I., Nogueira, S., Rodrigues, S., Formigo, N., and Antunes, S.C. (2023). Can Zooplankton Add Value to Monitoring Water Quality? A Case Study of a Meso\/Eutrophic Portuguese Reservoir. Water, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/w15091678"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2702","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.2702","article-title":"Landscape functioning in reservoir water quality prediction: Current use and predictive capacity","volume":"17","author":"Portela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"APA (2025, July 11). Regi\u00e3o hidrogr\u00e1fica do Vouga, Mondego e Lis (RH4). Available online: https:\/\/apambiente.pt\/sites\/default\/files\/_Agua\/DRH\/ParticipacaoPublica\/PGRH\/2016-2021\/3_Fase\/PGRH_2_RH4A_Parte2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.08.143","article-title":"Untangling the effects of multiple human stressors and their impacts on fish assemblages in European running waters","volume":"573","author":"Schinegger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2100","article-title":"Complex physiological traits as biomarkers of the sub-lethal toxicological effects of pollutant exposure in fishes","volume":"362","author":"McKenzie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004026121254","article-title":"An Index of Biotic Integrity characterizing fish populations and the ecological quality of Flandrian water bodies","volume":"434","author":"Belpaire","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01040.x","article-title":"Water Framework Directive: Ecological classification of Danish lakes","volume":"42","author":"Jeppesen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonough, T., and Hickman, G. (2020). Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index Development: A Tool for Assessing Ecological Health in Tennessee Valley Authority Impoundments. Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources Using Fish Communities, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003068013-24"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1139\/f94-183","article-title":"An Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for Fish Assemblages in the Littoral Zone of Great Lakes\u2019 Areas of Concern","volume":"51","author":"Minns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"311","article-title":"Using fish to assess environmental disturbance of Swedish lakes and streams\u2014A preliminary approach","volume":"27","author":"Appelberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Verhandlungen Int. Ver. Fuer Limnol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/iroh.200310629","article-title":"Ecological Integrity Assessment of Lakes Using Fish Communities\u2014Suggestions of New Metrics Developed in Two Austrian Prealpine Lakes","volume":"88","author":"Gassner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-32.2.98","article-title":"Fish Status Survey of Nordic Lakes: Effects of Acidification, Eutrophication and Stocking Activity on Present Fish Species Composition","volume":"32","author":"Tammi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-1112.2006.01009.x","article-title":"Correlations between type-indicator fish species and lake productivity in German lowland lakes","volume":"68","author":"Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Base Assessment of the status of fish fauna in lakes","volume":"3","author":"Holmgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fisk. Inf."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"37","article-title":"Using Swedish fish index FIX in assessing degradation of Finnish eutrophic lakes\u2014What does fish community data tell about them?","volume":"Volume 584","author":"Tammi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Classification of Ecological Status of Lakes and Rivers"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8675(2002)022<1105:DOAFBI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Development of a fish-based index of biotic integrity for small inland lakes in central Minnesota","volume":"22","author":"Drake","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Fish. Manag."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Karr, J., Fausch, K., Angermeier, P., Yant, P., and Schlosser, I. (1986). Assessing Biological Integrity in Running Waters. A Method and Its Rationale, Illinois Natural History Survey. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2006)016[1267:SEFTEC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Setting Expectations for the Ecological Condition of Streams: The Concept of Reference Condition","volume":"16","author":"Stoddard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiley, M., Seelbach, P., Wehrly, K., and Martin, J. (2003). Regional ecological normalization using linear models: A meta-method for scaling stream assessment indicators. Biological Response Signatures: Indicator Patterns Using Aquatic Communities, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420041453.ch12"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2400.2007.00577.x","article-title":"Development of a fish-based index for the assessment of river health in Europe: The European Fish Index","volume":"14","author":"Pont","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fish. Manag. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/03632415.2017.1276352","article-title":"Standard Methods for Sampling Freshwater Fishes: Opportunities for International Collaboration","volume":"42","author":"Bonar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fisheries"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities","volume":"6","author":"Karr","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fisheries"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"494","article-title":"Zarys ewolucji wska\u017anik\u00f3w do oceny stanu ekologicznego \u015brodowiska morskiego Morza Ba\u0142tyckiego na podstawie ichtiofauny","volume":"6","author":"Pieckiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chro\u0144my Przyr. Ojczyst\u0105"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.10.009","article-title":"Three hundred ways to assess Europe\u2019s surface waters: An almost complete overview of biological methods to implement the Water Framework Directive","volume":"18","author":"Birk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2014.08.006","article-title":"Intercalibration of aquatic ecological assessment methods in the European Union: Lessons learned and way forward","volume":"44","author":"Poikane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111583","article-title":"Assessment of water quality in Aguieira reservoir: Ecotoxicological tools in addition to the Water Framework Directive","volume":"208","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1051\/kmae:2001040","article-title":"Present Status of the Main Shads\u2019 populations in Portugal","volume":"362\u2013363","author":"Costa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Fr. P\u00eache Piscic."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Collares-Pereira, M.J., Alves, M.J., Ribeiro, F., Domingos, I., Almeida, P.R., Costa, L., Gante, H., Filipe, A.F., Aboim, M.A., and Rodrigues, P.M. (2021). Guia dos Peixes de \u00c1gua doce e Migradores de Portugal Continental, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento. Available online: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10174\/32043."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Milla, A.S. (2017). Barbo com\u00fan\u2013Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864). Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Espa\u00f1oles, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Available online: https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/bitstream\/10261\/107867\/5\/lucboc_v2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/11250003.2012.687777","article-title":"Diet of the introduced pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.) (Osteichthyes, Percidae) in a recent colonised reservoir in south-western Iberian Peninsula","volume":"79","author":"Roso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ital. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"16","article-title":"Biological synopsis of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)","volume":"Volume 2886","author":"Jordan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"APA (2007). Plano de Ordenamento da Albufeira da Aguieira\u2014Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Conselho de Ministros n.\u00ba 186\/2007, de 21 de dezembro. Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica, Presid\u00eancia do Conselho de Ministros. Available online: https:\/\/diariodarepublica.pt\/dr\/detalhe\/resolucao-conselho-ministros\/186-2007-627818."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Pedroso, N. (1997). A lontra (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) na Barragem da Aguieira. Relat\u00f3rio de Est\u00e1gio Profissionalizante para Obten\u00e7\u00e3o da Licenciatura em Biologia Aplicada aos Recursos Animais Terrestres, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Sales-Lu\u00eds, T. (1998). An\u00e1lise comparativa da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos recursos de uma barragem e seus tribut\u00e1rios pela lontra\u2013Barragem da Aguieira. Lat\u00f3rio de Est\u00e1gio Profissionalizante para Obten\u00e7\u00e3o da Licenciatura em Biologia Aplicada aos Recursos Animais Marinhos, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cesonien\u0117, L., Dapkien\u0117, M., and Punys, P. (2021). Assessment of the Impact of Small Hydropower Plants on the Ecological Status Indicators of Water Bodies: A Case Study in Lithuania. Water, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/w13040433"}],"container-title":["Water"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/17\/15\/2274\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:19:25Z","timestamp":1760033965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/17\/15\/2274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["w17152274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w17152274","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]}}}