{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:18:18Z","timestamp":1778149098679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/51931\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/51931\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SCCER-SoE","award":["CTI.2013.0288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTI.2013.0288"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water supply systems (WWSs) are one of the main manmade water infrastructures presenting potential for micro-hydropower. Within urban networks, local decentralized micro-hydropower plants (MHPs) may be inserted in the regional electricity grid or used for self-consumption at the local grid level. Nevertheless, such networks are complex and the quantification of the potential for micro-hydropower other than that achieved by replacing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) is difficult. In this work, a methodology to quantify the potential for hydropower based on the excess energy in a network is proposed and applied to a real case. A constructive solution is presented based on the use of a novel micro-turbine for energy conversion, the five blade tubular propeller (5BTP). The location of the MHP within the network is defined with an optimization algorithm that maximizes the net present value after 20 years of operation. These concepts are tested for the WSS in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. The proposed solution captures 10% of the city\u2019s energy potential and represents an economic interest. The results confirm the location of PRVs as potential sites for energy recovery and stress the need for careful sensitivity analysis of the consumption. Finally, an expedited method is derived to estimate the costs and energy that one 5BTP can produce in a given network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w8080344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T10:05:06Z","timestamp":1470996306000},"page":"344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Water Supply Systems: The Case Study of the City of Fribourg"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Samora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Franca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Schleiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"701","article-title":"Energy and hydraulic efficiency in conventional water supply systems","volume":"30","author":"Vilanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1462-0758(00)00048-0","article-title":"Open and closed loop pressure control for leakage reduction","volume":"2","author":"Ulanicki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urban Water"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-012-0114-1","article-title":"Energy production in water distribution networks: A PAT design strategy","volume":"26","author":"Carravetta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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