{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:56:08Z","timestamp":1772801768719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BEX 10367\/14-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BEX 10367\/14-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite huge differences in population, household income and development levels, Australia and Brazil have some temporal convergences in their water governance systems. Over the last 20 years, both countries have significantly reformed their water policies and practices by introducing a legal foundation for more integrated and participatory catchment\/basin management based on the best information available. A critical test of any water reform is how effective it is in meeting the challenges of extreme and unpredictable conditions of drought and floods, which are expected to increase under climate changes scenarios. This paper compared the contemporary water governance frameworks of Australia and Brazil in relation to three elements of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM): integration, participation, and information\/knowledge. We focused on insights from Brazil\u2019s recent drought and Australia\u2019s fluctuating water crises to derive lessons and recommendations for future changes. Among the main recommendations, we stress the need for both systems to improve effective participation and to embrace a more comprehensive approach to cope with water scarcity in future scenarios. Furthermore, water related decisions should be based on a transparent and well informed process, and take into account the lessons from similar situations worldwide in order to avoid unnecessary or ineffective measures. As demonstrated in the Australian case during the Millennium Drought, the most effective initiatives were those involving government, the private sector and society to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern in all sectors. There is much to learn from the Brazilian and Australia experiences in water reforms and crises, but it is imperative to understand the social, economic and environmental context within which these took place. Continuing to develop the capacity and willingness of researchers and policy makers to work together can make an important contribution towards meeting the growing and spreading challenges in water resource management around the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w8110493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T11:09:46Z","timestamp":1477912186000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Water: Drought, Crisis and Governance in Australia and Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6176-2410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson","family":"Sousa J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Resources, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12229-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs QLD 4556, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Camkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, Albani WA 6332, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fidelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs QLD 4556, Australia"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Water Agency, Bras\u00edlia 70610-200, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5231-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1600-276, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs QLD 4556, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2326-1951.2000.tb03476.x","article-title":"Troubled waters","volume":"40","author":"Postel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sciences"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5477.284","article-title":"Global water resources: Vulnerability from climate change and population growth","volume":"289","author":"Vorosmarty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09440","article-title":"Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity","volume":"467","author":"Vorosmarty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2000)050[0753:ADOTTW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Anthropogenic disturbance of the terrestrial water cycle","volume":"50","author":"Vorosmarty","year":"2000","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Pearce, F. 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