{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:58:04Z","timestamp":1774364284714,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Women"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Maternal vaccination with the bivalent vaccine Abrysvo\u00ae in the third trimester (24\u201336 weeks) is an effective strategy to prevent severe respiratory illnesses in newborns. However, the introduction of this new technology faces structural obstacles that amplify inequalities. This rapid literature review sought to map and synthesize evidence on inequalities and inequities in adherence and accessibility to maternal vaccination among Black pregnant women. A rapid literature review was conducted using a mixed-methods approach (narrative synthesis and thematic analysis), following guidelines adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook. The research question was structured using the acronym Population\/Problem, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome, focusing on Black pregnant women, maternal vaccination, comparison with other groups, and barriers\/determinants. The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed (via Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Scopus and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, covering studies published between 2022 and 2025 that presented disaggregated analysis by race. The analysis and interpretation of the findings were guided by Critical Race Theory. The analysis of the twelve included studies (mainly from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Brazil) revealed systematic and robust disparities. Black pregnant women had lower vaccination coverage and were less likely to receive timely recommendations compared to White pregnant women. The barriers identified include: institutional distrust (resulting from structural racism), poor access to prenatal care, inadequate communication, and socioeconomic factors. Inequities are structural and multifactorial phenomena. To ensure that the benefits of the vaccine are distributed equitably, strategies such as anti-racist training for healthcare teams, active vaccination outreach, and continuous monitoring of data disaggregated by race are essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/women6020023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:58:59Z","timestamp":1774357139000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial Disparities in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Pregnant Black Women: A Rapid Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-7646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Gon\u00e7alves dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade de Guarulhos (UnG), Pra\u00e7a Tereza Cristina, 88-Centro, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9060-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora de Souza","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1574-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reginaldo Roque","family":"Mafetoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1920-3193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara Fr\u00f3es de Oliveira","family":"Sanfelice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Janize Silva","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio da Faculdade de Engenharia de Sorocaba (FACENS), Sorocaba 18085-784, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9822-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Franco","family":"Zihlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade, Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista (UNIFESP\/BS), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1284-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Jos\u00e9 Oliveira","family":"Mouta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FACENF\/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4578-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy Ferreira","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-Americana da Sa\u00fade (OPAS), Secretaria do Estado de Sa\u00fade de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Wottrich","family":"Parenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Artes, Ci\u00eancias e Humanidades, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (EACH\/USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8068-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Guerra de Oliveira","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins (UFNT\/FCS), Aragua\u00edna 77814-350, TO, Brazil"}]},{"given":"W\u00e1gnar Silva Morais","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed (CCS\/UFPI), Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-9577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma Maria Evangelista de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed (CCS\/UFPI), Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4414-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar Henrique Rodrigues","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Carolliny Rossi de Faria","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-870, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4893-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Maria","family":"das Neves Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra (ESEnfC\/UC), 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina Ribeiro","family":"da Fonseca Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores (UAc\/ESS), 9500-315 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lu\u00edsa Santos","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores (UAc\/ESS), 9500-315 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2510-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o Jacinto","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Universidade do Porto (ESEP\/UP), 4200-072 Porto, 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