{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:33:57Z","timestamp":1769063637990,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/151078\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/151078\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Youth"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents the development and validation process of a qualitative data collection instrument aimed at analysing natural sciences teachers\u2019 perceptions of practical work in lower secondary education (third cycle) in Portugal. The methodological approach combined a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines with an analysis of relevant curricular frameworks and legal documents. Based on the triangulation of these sources, a semi-structured interview guide was constructed, validated by a panel of five experts from four Portuguese public universities, and tested through a pilot interview. The final instrument comprised seven dimensions and fourteen subdimensions, totalling 44 items. It demonstrated methodological rigour and practical applicability for qualitative data collection and analysis. Findings indicate that the instrument enables a comprehensive exploration of teachers\u2019 practices and perceptions regarding practical work, offering a valuable contribution to the research on didactics of science and to the professional development of teachers. Also, the application of this instrument will enable teachers and researchers to characterise the dynamics of practical work carried out with young students in natural sciences education across seven structuring dimensions: (1) Conceptual; (2) Limitations; (3) Advantages; (4) Evaluative; (5) Operationalisation; (6) Textbook; and (7) Curricular.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/youth6010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:59:54Z","timestamp":1769003994000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Practical Work in Natural Sciences Education: Development and Validation of a Qualitative Data Collection Instrument"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6802-1604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Education and Psychology, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-716 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Bonito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Education and Psychology, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-716 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre on Didactics and Technology in the Education of Trainers, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21036","article-title":"Practical work: Its effectiveness in primary and secondary schools in England","volume":"49","author":"Abrahams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/03057267.2013.858496","article-title":"The assessment of practical work in school science","volume":"49","author":"Abrahams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Studies in Science Education"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/02635143.2014.931841","article-title":"The impact of the \u2018Getting Practical: Improving Practical Work in Science\u2019 continuing professional development programme on teachers\u2019 ideas and practice in science practical work","volume":"32","author":"Abrahams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research in Science and Technological Education"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"63","article-title":"Extent of integration of practical work in the teaching of chemistry by secondary schools teachers in Taraba State","volume":"3","author":"Adamu","year":"2020","journal-title":"UNIZIK Journal of STM Education"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21469","article-title":"Teaching practices linked to the implementation of inquiry-based practical work in certain science classrooms","volume":"56","author":"Akuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2016.1270478","article-title":"The relation between students\u2019 communicative moves during laboratory work in physics and outcomes of their actions","volume":"39","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5815\/ijeme.2016.06.06","article-title":"Assessment of factors influencing practical work in chemistry: A case of secondary schools in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Anza","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Education and Management Engineering"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10763-019-09962-7","article-title":"The real aims that shape the teaching of practical physics in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"18","author":"Babalola","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/18117295.2019.1593610","article-title":"Assessing the effectiveness of using youtube videos in teaching the chemistry of group i and vii elements in a high school in Lesotho","volume":"23","author":"Bohloko","year":"2019","journal-title":"African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Bonito, J., Morgado, M., Silva, M., Figueira, D., Serrano, M., Mesquita, J., and Rebelo, H. 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