{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:32:25Z","timestamp":1760059945299,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technical project C3C project","award":["2020403001002","UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020403001002","UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Fundo Florestal Permanente (FFP) from the Portuguese Institute of Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF)","award":["2020403001002","UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020403001002","UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Portugal","award":["2020403001002","UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020403001002","UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonotic Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowing the specific characteristics and animal tuberculosis risk factors present and applying good practices are crucial points in combating tuberculosis (TB) in a Mediterranean multi-species scenario. The objective of this work is to statistically analyze the association between the existence of TB in areas with a marked game\u2013livestock interface, with various complementary factors found in 30 extensive farms in southern Portugal, such as the number of animals of each large game species present in the territory and the frequency of their sightings. Collecting this information, an inferential statistical analysis was conducted to obtain information on the association type between TB occurrence in the farms and the presence of highlighted factors. The main statistical results show an association between the presence of large game species and TB occurrence in the analyzed areas. Thus, in a multi-species scenario, large game species are a crucial component in TB maintenance, namely when stricter contact occurs. This could be one of the reasons why TB continues to circulate and why the eradication process is so difficult; the risk of zoonotic transmission is evident. It is crucial to apply biosecurity tools to improve the alignment and structure of natural resource management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/zoonoticdis5030021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:44:45Z","timestamp":1753184685000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large Game as a Key Factor in the Maintenance of Tuberculosis in a Multi-Species Scenario in Southern Portugal: A Preliminary Statistical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3305-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pureza","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV\/ULisboa), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Vieira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro University (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro University (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV\/ULisboa), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1040-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro University (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, \u00c9vora University, 7000-083 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-007-0098-y","article-title":"Diseases shared between wildlife and livestock: A European perspective","volume":"53","author":"Ferroglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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