{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1792550411903,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Royal College of General Practitioners","issue":"770","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Gen Pract"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention is a policy priority because of widening inequalities and increasing preventable deaths. The NHS Health Check (NHS-HC) programme aims to promote early detection and prevention of CVD but has a wider-reaching impact owing to targeting multiple risk factors. Although programme evaluations demonstrate improvements in detection and surrogate markers, research on mortality outcomes remain limited, particularly using representative, real-world data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of NHS-HCs in reducing all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal cohort study in an inner-city London borough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from electronic primary care records were analysed for 158 645 eligible participants (2009\u20132023). Survival was modelled using a Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying exposure. All-cause mortality risk was compared between those attending \u22651 NHS-HC (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 42 589) and those who did not (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 116 056). Sociodemographic, geographic, and behavioural factors were adjusted using propensity score weighting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 158 645 participants, 63 347 (39.9%) were of Black, Asian, mixed, or other ethnicity, and 100 825 (63.6%) lived in the two most deprived quintiles in England. Attendance at \u22651 NHS-HC was associated with lower mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.63 to 0.74), indicating a 32% reduction in risk. Ten-year absolute mortality risk reduction increased with age, with the largest difference among those aged 70\u201374 years (18.1% versus 12.9%). Sensitivity analyses supported these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests significant long-term survival benefit associated with the NHS-HC, supporting continued investment in and optimisation of the programme to provide population health benefits. Findings were robust to missing data assumptions and COVID-19, although residual confounding cannot be ruled out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp.2025.0451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:10:32Z","timestamp":1775135432000},"page":"e724-e733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of the NHS Health Check with all-cause mortality: a longitudinal cohort study in primary care"],"prefix":"10.3399","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1797-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasjot","family":"Saund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2739-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiten","family":"Dodhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Vanoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Masselot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0022-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1987","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.q176","article-title":"Early deaths from cardiovascular disease reach 14 year high in England","volume":"384","author":"Wise","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309573"},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.3","unstructured":"Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (2021) Preventing illness and improving health for all: a review of the NHS Health Check programme and recommendations. accessed. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/nhs-health-check-programme-review\/preventing-illness-and-improving-health-for-all-a-review-of-the-nhs-health-check-programme-and-recommendations. 15 Jul 2026."},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.4","unstructured":"UK Government (2013) The Local Authorities (Public Health Functions and Entry to Premises by Local Healthwatch Representatives) Regulations 2013. accessed. https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2013\/351\/contents\/made. 15 Jul 2026."},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.5","unstructured":"Public Health England (2019) Health matters: preventing cardiovascular disease. accessed. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-matters-preventing-cardiovascular-disease\/health-matters-preventing-cardiovascular-disease. 15 Jul 2026."},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12916-024-03387-Y\/FIGURES\/6"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04081-3","article-title":"What evidence is required to justify the NHS Health Check programme?","volume":"23","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-017-0801-8","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of population Health Checks: have the NHS Health Checks been unfairly maligned?","volume":"25","author":"Hinde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002573"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064237","article-title":"Understanding what happens to attendees after an NHS Health Check: a realist review","volume":"12","author":"Duddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052832"},{"key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X676456"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102002205928000_76.770.e724.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx068","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk at health checks performed opportunistically or following an invitation letter. 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