{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:01:39Z","timestamp":1788577299910,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Royal College of General Practitioners","issue":"697","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Gen Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is usually called \u2018morning sickness\u2019. This is felt by sufferers to trivialise the condition. Symptoms have been described as occurring both before and after noon, but daily symptom patterns have not been clearly described and statistically modelled to enable the term \u2018morning sickness\u2019 to be accurately analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the daily variation in nausea and vomiting symptoms during early pregnancy in a group of sufferers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study of females recruited from 15 May 2014 to 17 February 2017 by Swiss Precision Diagnostics (SPD) Development Company Limited, which was researching hormone levels in early pregnancy and extended its study to include the description of pregnancy symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily symptom diaries of nausea and vomiting were kept by females who were trying to conceive. They also provided daily urine samples, which when analysed enabled the date of ovulation to be determined. Data from 256 females who conceived during the first month of the study are included in this article. Daily symptom patterns and changes in daily patterns by week of pregnancy were modelled. Functional data analysis was used to produce estimated symptom probability functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a peak probability of nausea in the morning, a lower but sustained probability of nausea throughout the day, and a slight peak in the evening. Vomiting had a defined peak incidence in the morning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Referring to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy as simply \u2018morning sickness\u2019 is inaccurate, simplistic, and therefore unhelpful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp20x710885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:22:21Z","timestamp":1593476541000},"page":"e534-e539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is not just \u2018morning sickness\u2019: data from a prospective cohort study in the UK"],"prefix":"10.3399","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Gadsby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Trevelyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane L","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1987","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.1","unstructured":"Chadwick J Mann WN The medical works of Hippocrates Oxford Blackwell Scientific 1950"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.2","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster Morning sickness https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/morning%20sickness (accessed 22 Jun 2020)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00411.x","article-title":"Understanding the stigma of hyperemesis gravidarum: qualitative findings from an action research study","volume":"37","author":"Power","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00255-1"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2000.tb01167.x"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.6","unstructured":"Mazzotta P Magee LA Koren G The association between abortion and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy Koren G Bishai R Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: state of the art Toronto Mortherisk Programme, Hospital for Sick Children 2000"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gadsby R Rawson V Dziadulewicz E Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and resource implications: the NVP Impact study Br J Gen Pract 2018 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp18X700745.","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X700745"},{"issue":"371","key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.8","first-page":"245","article-title":"Prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Gadsby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1576\/toag.13.2.107.27654","article-title":"Severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: should it be treated with appropriate pharmacotherapy?","volume":"13","author":"Gadsby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet 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Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4153-3","article-title":"Gestational length assignment based on last menstrual period, first trimester crown-rump length, ovulation, and implantation timing","volume":"294","author":"Mahendru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramsay JO Hooker G Graves S Functional data analysis with R and MATLAB New York Springer-Verlag 2009","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98185-7"},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.15","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics Births by parents\u2019 characteristics in England and Wales: 2016\u20132017 https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/birthsdeathsandmarriages\/livebirths\/bulletins\/birthsbyparentscharacteristicsinenglandandwales\/2016 (accessed 22 Jun 2020)."},{"key":"2020081209352364000_70.697.e534.16","unstructured":"Gadsby R Barnie-Adshead AM Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Clinical information about nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, its relation to various aspects of women's personal and obstetric histories and other significant factors related to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or hyperemesis gravidarium. A literature review 2012 https:\/\/www.pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk\/documents\/NVP-lit-review.pdf (accessed 22 Jun 2020)."}],"container-title":["British Journal of General Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3399\/bjgp20X710885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T18:56:10Z","timestamp":1667156170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjgp.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3399\/bjgp20X710885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"697","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3399\/bjgp20X710885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp20x710885","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-1643","1478-5242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-1643","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-5242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]}}}