{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:05:01Z","timestamp":1782453901991,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Royal College of General Practitioners","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJGP Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Research on acute cystitis in men is scarce and treatment guidelines differ between countries. Improved antibiotic stewardship is needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To analyse antibiotic prescriptions and outcomes of Norwegian men diagnosed with cystitis in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design &amp; setting<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A nationwide retrospective study was undertaken in primary care in Norway.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We identified all episodes of acute cystitis in men diagnosed in Norwegian primary care during 2012\u20132019. Choice of antibiotic (from the Norwegian Prescription Database), treatment failure, re-prescription, and complications were stratified by age, calendar year, and risk factors. We used logistic regression to explore predefined risk factors (diabetes, prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH], urinary retention, and any cancer) with complications (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and hospitalisation) and re-prescriptions. Linear regression was used to explore time trends.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 108 994 individuals contributed 148 635 episodes. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics were first-choice treatment in 71.0% of the episodes (52.5% of all prescriptions were pivmecillinam). More than 75% of the episodes with narrow-spectrum versus 82.2% of broad-spectrum treatment did not lead to any re-prescription or complication. Complications occurred in 1.8% of all episodes (0.5% prostatitis, 0.7% pyelonephritis, and 0.7% hospitalisation). BPH was associated with increased risk of complications and re-prescription. Diabetes was associated with a lower risk of re-prescriptions. Prostate cancer and urinary retention were associated with a lower risk of both complications and re-prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results support narrow-spectrum antibiotics as first-line treatment. Risk factor analyses warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpo.2023.0207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T05:57:19Z","timestamp":1704866239000},"page":"BJGPO.2023.0207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Acute cystitis in men\u2013 a nationwide study from primary care: antibiotic prescriptions, risk factors, and complications"],"prefix":"10.3399","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"S\u00e6tre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Skow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvild","family":"Vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurd","family":"H\u00f8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9137-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Emilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1987","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090602151004000_8.2.BJGPO.2023.0207.1","unstructured":"World 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