{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:53:28Z","timestamp":1768341208888,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Royal College of General Practitioners","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJGP Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People living with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may be at higher risk of diabetes complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our aim was to compare diabetes monitoring and incidence of diabetes complications between people with and without AUD prior to T2DM diagnosis attending primary care in England.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design &amp; setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality data. The target population was people with incident T2DM diagnosed between 2004 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We defined AUD from codes indicating i) clinical diagnosis; ii) alcohol withdrawal; or iii) chronic alcohol-related harm. Outcomes were end-stage renal disease (ESRD), lower limb amputation, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and all-cause mortality. We compared yearly HbA1c, creatinine, and cholesterol monitoring activities for the first 5 years post T2DM diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study population was 543 509 people, of whom 15 237 (2.8%) had a code for AUD. Adjusting for measured confounders, people with AUD had higher rates of ESRD ( incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.95, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.71 to 2.23), lower limb amputation (IRR 1.78, 95% CI = 1.50 to 2.21), stroke (IRR 1.36, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.47), CVD mortality (IRR 1.74, 95% CI = 1.63 to 1.86), and all-cause mortality (IRR 2.10, 95% CI = 2.04 to 2.17) but not MI (IRR 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.00) compared with people without AUD. Laboratory diabetes monitoring was high in people with (83.5\u201391.1%) and without (83.7\u201392.4%) AUD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with AUD had nearly double the rates of most of the diabetes complications investigated compared with people without AUD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpo.2024.0133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T09:10:13Z","timestamp":1737018613000},"page":"BJGPO.2024.0133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diabetes complications in people with alcohol use disorder and type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3399","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3817-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohini","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Beaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6246-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamini","family":"Gnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7107-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0951-5604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arti","family":"Maini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0219-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0149-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer K","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1987","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018) Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 (World Health Organization, Geneva) accessed. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565639. 27 May 2025."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12231"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu018"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800256"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666190502103733"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14607"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.62.6.659"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.8","first-page":"144","article-title":"Behavioral health disorders and adherence to measures of diabetes care quality","author":"Leung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz034"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.10","unstructured":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink CPRD Aurum May 2022 (Version 2022.05.001). accessed. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48329\/t89s-kf12. 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.11","unstructured":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink CPRD Aurum HES APC January 2022 (Version 2022.01.001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48329\/vagx-9d96."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.12","unstructured":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink CPRD Aurum Small Area data (Patient) January 2022 (Version 2022.01.001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48329\/aytt-h222."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.13","unstructured":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink CPRD Aurum ONS deaths January 2022 (Version 2022.01.001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48329\/q34f-f505."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.14","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (World Health Organization, Geneva)."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S477778"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.16","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency (2019) Operating Procedure Codes Supplement (OPCS): Surgical Site Infection Surveillance Service (SSISS). accessed. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1069633\/OPCS_codes_supplement_UKHSA.pdf. 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0753-5"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt021"},{"key":"2025100803100729000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0133.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.03.014"}],"container-title":["BJGP Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3399\/BJGPO.2024.0133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:12:00Z","timestamp":1759918320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bjgpopen.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3399\/BJGPO.2024.0133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3399\/BJGPO.2024.0133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgpo.2024.0133","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-3795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-3795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]}}}