{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:06:25Z","timestamp":1787169985462,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Royal College of General Practitioners","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJGP Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is consistently higher in menopausal and postmenopausal women than in younger women or men, elevating their risk of opioid-related adverse health outcomes. Since pain severity increases with hormonal changes accompanying menopause, these women should be a focus of opioid stewardship efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine opioid prescribing trends for CNCP in menopausal and postmenopausal women diagnosed with a musculoskeletal condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design &amp; setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based drug utilisation study, which was undertaken with data from IQVIA Medical Research Data UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual opioid prescribing incidence, prevalence, and average duration of use were calculated for a cohort of women aged 50\u201379 years with musculoskeletal conditions newly diagnosed between 2010 and 2021. Specific results were stratified by age, pain indication, and Townsend score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2010\u20132021, incident prescribing rates of opioids increased in women aged 50\u201354 years (161.4 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 149.7 to 174.0] per 1000 person\u2013years at risk [PYAR] in 2010 to 239.6 [95% CI = 211.7 to 271.2] per 1000 PYAR in 2021); these women discontinued opioid use faster (&lt;1 year) than older age groups (~2 years). Overall, opioid prescribing prevalence decreased from 23% in 2010 to 14% in 2021, and average opioid use duration decreased from 3 years to 1 year (2010\u2013post-2017) in women aged 50\u201379 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall observed decrease in prevalence and average duration of opioid use is encouraging. Incident prescriptions are rising in women aged 50\u201354 years and those with fibromyalgia while remaining steady in women aged 55\u201379 years. Understanding the impact of menopause and post-menopause on opioid use trends is important for effective opioid stewardship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpo.2024.0169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T10:15:14Z","timestamp":1729160114000},"page":"BJGPO.2024.0169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The prescribing of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in the menopausal and postmenopausal population: a drug utilisation study in the UK"],"prefix":"10.3399","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1114-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Tillyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogini","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8934-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1987","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Menopause. accessed. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/menopause. 7 Mar 2025."},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.JMH_157_18"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8842110"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00060-7"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.04.009"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000557"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead346"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.8","unstructured":"Glanville B (2022) A quarter (26%) of UK adults report living with chronic pain. accessed. .. https:\/\/www.ipsos.com\/en-uk\/quarter-26-percent-uk-adults-report-living-chronic-pain. 7 Mar 2025."},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05242-w"},{"key":"2025100803100722000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0169.10","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2021) Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. 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