{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:31:59Z","timestamp":1787682719509,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Royal College of General Practitioners","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJGP Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are common bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the burden of uUTI in England for 1) potential determinants of disease progression; 2) extent and impact of antimicrobial prescribing non-concordant with treatment guidelines; and 3) healthcare burden and economic costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design &amp; setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study utilising patient data (January 2017\u2013February 2020) from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to English Hospital Episode Statistics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Female patients aged \u226512 years with a new uUTI between 2018 and 2019, \u226514 months\u2019 continuous CPRD enrolment (\u226512 months baseline, \u22652 months follow-up), and \u22651 oral antibiotic prescription \u00b15 days of uUTI diagnosis were included. Baseline characteristics were described in patients with or without disease progression (hospitalisation for acute pyelonephritis, bacteraemia, or sepsis). Treatment non-concordance with current English guidelines was assessed. Burden (all-cause and urinary tract infection-related healthcare resource use [HCRU] and costs) was evaluated in a 1:1 age and comorbidity-matched uUTI-free cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 120 519 patients, 207 (0.2%) had disease progression requiring hospitalisation (during index uUTI episode); determinants included older age, index uUTI home consultation, prior hospitalisation, and medications prescribed for comorbid conditions in the prior 12 months (<jats:italic>British National Formulary<\/jats:italic> classes: cardiovascular system, eye, and other drugs and preparations). Non-concordant treatment was observed in 43.5% of patients. All-cause HCRU burden and costs were significantly higher in patients with uUTI versus age and comorbidity-matched controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) at 28 days (\u00a3160.06 versus \u00a337.63) and in the 12-month follow-up (\u00a31206.77 versus \u00a3460.97).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All-cause HCRU burden and costs were significantly higher in patients with uUTI versus matched controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Hospitalisation for acute pyelonephritis, bacteraemia, or sepsis following uUTI was uncommon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpo.2024.0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T23:05:20Z","timestamp":1734044720000},"page":"BJGPO.2024.0214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Treatment patterns and burden of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in England: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3399","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mark H","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruni","family":"Mulgirigama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish V","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Chirikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocong L","family":"Marston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam NA","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny S","family":"Mitrani-Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1987","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1587-3"},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287219832172"},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.3","unstructured":"Bono MJ Leslie SW Reygaert WC (2023) Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL)."},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040623"},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab440"},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-020-00083-2"},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00008"},{"key":"2025100803100725000_9.2.BJGPO.2024.0214.8","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2018) Urinary tract infection (lower): antimicrobial prescribing. 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