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For future therapeutic applications and for EV biology research in general, understanding the in vivo fate of EVs is of utmost importance. Here we studied biodistribution of EVs in mice after systemic delivery. EVs were isolated from 3 different mouse cell sources, including dendritic cells (DCs) derived from bone marrow, and labelled with a near\u2010infrared lipophilic dye. Xenotransplantation of EVs was further carried out for cross\u2010species comparison. The reliability of the labelling technique was confirmed by sucrose gradient fractionation, organ perfusion and further supported by immunohistochemical staining using CD63\u2010EGFP probed vesicles. While vesicles accumulated mainly in liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and lungs, differences related to EV cell origin were detected. EVs accumulated in the tumour tissue of tumour\u2010bearing mice and, after introduction of the rabies virus glycoprotein\u2010targeting moiety, they were found more readily in acetylcholine\u2010receptor\u2010rich organs. In addition, the route of administration and the dose of injected EVs influenced the biodistribution pattern. This is the first extensive biodistribution investigation of EVs comparing the impact of several different variables, the results of which have implications for the design and feasibility of therapeutic studies using EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.26316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T05:45:16Z","timestamp":1429508716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1615,"title":["Extracellular vesicle in vivo biodistribution is determined by cell source, route of administration and targeting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Oscar P. 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