{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:15Z","timestamp":1786480275069,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23DK131278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK131278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23 DK128567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DK128567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011074","name":"Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 DK026743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK026743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005347","name":"American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Clinical, Translational, and Outcomes Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical, Translational, and Outcomes Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23DK131278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK131278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23 DK128567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DK128567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011074","name":"Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 DK026743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK026743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005347","name":"American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Clinical, Translational, and Outcomes Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical, Translational, and Outcomes Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>CKD is more common among those with steatotic liver disease compared with those without liver disease in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Higher degrees of liver fibrosis are associated with greater prevalence of CKD independent of other common risk factors of kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Steatotic liver disease (SLD) and CKD are common conditions that are strongly associated. Yet, there is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of this overlap and the factors that may drive its occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined trends among adult participants from 2005 to 2020 that defined SLD using the Fatty Liver Index. We completed correlative analyses among adult participants from 2017 to 2020 that defined SLD on the basis of FibroScan results. We used multivariable survey-weighted binomial generalized linear models to determine the factors that were associated with CKD, defined as eGFR &lt;60 or urine albumin-creatinine ratio &gt;30.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 76,496 participants included in<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>trend analyses, the estimated prevalence of CKD was 15.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.2% to 16.2%) and SLD was 42.3% (95% CI, 41.4% to 43.2%). As compared with those without SLD, those with SLD had a significantly higher estimated prevalence of CKD (SLD, 15.7%; 95% CI, 14.9% to 16.5%; versus no SLD, 11.2%; 95% CI, 10.7% to 11.7%). In multivariate analyses of 3667 participants who underwent FibroScan and had SLD defined using the Fatty Liver Index, adjusting for control and presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia\/dyslipidemia, compared with those with normal liver stiffness, those with moderate scarring (F2) had similar odds of CKD (1.53; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.56), those with severe scarring (F3) had higher odds of CKD (2.28; 95% CI, 1.20 to 4.32), and those with cirrhosis had higher odds of CKD (2.21; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.32).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight that CKD is common among patients with SLD and that higher degrees of hepatic fibrosis are associated with CKD independent of other comorbidities of the metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000000569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T13:17:01Z","timestamp":1725542221000},"page":"1844-1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigating the Association between Steatotic Liver Disease and CKD in a Nationally Representative Sample"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mason","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Allegretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavish R.","family":"Patidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houtson, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cullaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","article-title":"Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update","volume":"79","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B2-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101193","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among US adults: an analysis of NHANES 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Int."},{"key":"B9-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(22)00703-6","article-title":"Role of NAFLD-associated genetic variants on renal function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"D\u2019Erasmo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B10-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30625","article-title":"Relationship between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and decreased kidney function in children with NAFLD","volume":"70","author":"Targher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"2","key":"B11-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27643","article-title":"PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 gene variants affect renal disease and function in nonalcoholic fatty liver 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Hepatol."},{"issue":"17","key":"B24-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Engl J Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"B25-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12539","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12539","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and eGFR levels could be linked by the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism in children with obesity","volume":"14","author":"Marzuillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes."},{"issue":"5","key":"B26-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13939","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13939","article-title":"Thyroid hormone Beta receptor agonists for treatment of kidney disease: a promising agent?","volume":"53","author":"Copur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin 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Hepatol."},{"key":"B30-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101547","article-title":"Accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for assessing steatosis and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"B31-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.08.001","article-title":"The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): a novel tool for the non-invasive evaluation of steatosis using Fibroscan","volume":"36","author":"Sasso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"5","key":"B32-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.018","article-title":"Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for the diagnosis of steatosis: a prospective study of 5323 examinations","volume":"60","author":"De L\u00e9dinghen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000000569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:01:19Z","timestamp":1786478479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000000569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0000000569","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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