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Traditional noninvasive diagnostic tools that are currently used in the clinic, such as creatinine and cystatin C\u2013based eGFR measurements, urinalysis, urine sediment examination, urine protein quantification, and urine electrolyte measurement, lack the sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between the various underlying etiologies of AKI in patients with cancer. Imaging-based diagnostics can be helpful to rule out urinary obstruction, but also lack sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the etiology of AKI. Kidney biopsy is often required for definitive diagnosis. As our scientific understanding of the biological pathways that are dysregulated in AKI has advanced, there has been considerable interest in developing new biomarkers for AKI. For example, the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis, which can occur in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, promises to be revolutionized by the incorporation of urinary testing for inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-X-C motif ligand 9, TNF-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and IL-9. In the case of cisplatin administration, biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 may improve prognostication, differentiating between persistent AKI resulting from acute tubular injury versus prerenal azotemia. The development and validation of blood, urine, and imaging biomarkers into widely used diagnostic tests will require a concerted effort, but could improve diagnosis, management, and prognostication for a growing group of patients who are at high risk of developing AKI during the course of their illness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000000660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:02:47Z","timestamp":1732190567000},"page":"167-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Novel Biomarkers and Imaging Tests for Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis in Patients with Cancer"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavita","family":"Mistry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2355-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Sadarangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1018-3071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiana","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3563-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherley M.","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, 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