{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:30:13Z","timestamp":1786480213169,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DK125459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK125459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HL145528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL145528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DK125459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK125459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HL145528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL145528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>CKD is associated with high serum levels of phosphate (also called hyperphosphatemia), which is a main driver of soft tissue calcifications and potentially other pathologic changes that are associated with CKD. However, it remains unclear in what form and through which mechanisms and targets elevated phosphate can damage cells and tissues. Rises in serum phosphate levels are accompanied by changes in the endocrine regulators of phosphate metabolism and result in the formation of calcium-phosphate crystals, and all three events can have pathologic actions on various tissues. Furthermore, tissues can accumulate phosphate from the circulation, and cells can generate free phosphate in their environment independently from circulating phosphate, which both result in local elevations of phosphate that could also contribute to tissue damage. It is important to better understand the various scenarios underlying the pathologic actions of hyperphosphatemia, as some of them suggest that measuring extracellular serum phosphate, which is the gold standard to estimate overall phosphate status of the body, is not sufficient to do so. Understanding the pathologic actions of phosphate on a conceptual level should not only help to design more efficient detection tools for phosphate but also to identify phosphate-induced pathomechanisms which could provide us with novel drug targets to tackle phosphate-driven pathologies in CKD. Here, we discuss the different concepts and scenarios that could underlie the widespread pathologic actions of hyperphosphatemia in CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000000820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T03:00:08Z","timestamp":1744858808000},"page":"1040-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Pathologic Actions of Phosphate in CKD"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Abul","family":"Fajol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7512-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Faul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100377","article-title":"Phosphate toxicity: new insights into an old problem","volume":"120","author":"Razzaque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)."},{"issue":"1","key":"B2-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.164","article-title":"The role of phosphate in kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Vervloet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B3-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F643","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00228.2007","article-title":"Phosphate transporters: a tale of two solute carrier families","volume":"293","author":"Virkki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B4-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.130","article-title":"Hyperphosphatemia of chronic kidney disease","volume":"74","author":"Hruska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"B5-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0076-3","article-title":"Role of phosphate sensing in bone and mineral metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Chande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B6-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.03.039","article-title":"Phosphate-a poison for humans?","volume":"90","author":"Komaba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"B7-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11901115","article-title":"Phosphate toxicity in CKD: the killer among us","volume":"11","author":"Ritter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B8-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2015.74","article-title":"Dysregulation of phosphate metabolism and conditions associated with phosphate toxicity","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"B9-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114305","article-title":"Modulating phosphate consumption, a novel therapeutic approach for the control of cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis","volume":"183","author":"Arnst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B10-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-024-03046-4","article-title":"Controlled dietary phosphate loading in healthy young men elevates plasma phosphate and FGF23 levels","volume":"477","author":"Gerber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"issue":"16","key":"B11-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163510","article-title":"Industrial use of phosphate food additives: a mechanism linking ultra-processed food intake to cardiorenal disease risk?","volume":"15","author":"Calvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"2","key":"B12-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008040349","article-title":"Association of serum phosphate with vascular and valvular calcification in moderate CKD","volume":"20","author":"Adeney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B13-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.060002472.x","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease","volume":"60","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"B14-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.319198","article-title":"Phosphate in cardiovascular disease: from new insights into molecular mechanisms to clinical implications","volume":"44","author":"Turner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"B15-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.7.e10","article-title":"Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification","volume":"87","author":"Jono","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"B16-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1418","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00633.2013","article-title":"Phosphate overload directly induces systemic inflammation and malnutrition as well as vascular calcification in uremia","volume":"306","author":"Yamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B17-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302070","article-title":"Inflammatory, metabolic, and genetic mechanisms of vascular calcification","volume":"34","author":"Demer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B18-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74782","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74782","article-title":"Hyperphosphatemia increases inflammation to exacerbate anemia and skeletal muscle wasting independently of FGF23-FGFR4 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Czaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife."},{"issue":"15","key":"B19-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8352","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.140021997","article-title":"Phosphate is a specific signal for induction of osteopontin gene expression","volume":"97","author":"Beck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"12","key":"B20-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5358","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0777","article-title":"Dietary and serum phosphorus regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 expression and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism in mice","volume":"146","author":"Perwad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B21-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gfaf001, in press","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf001","article-title":"Elevated phosphate levels in CKD - a direct threat for the heart","author":"Campos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"3","key":"B22-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R53","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-20-0121","article-title":"Extracellular phosphate sensing in mammals: what do we know?","volume":"65","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"11","key":"B23-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.111","article-title":"Klotho, phosphate and FGF-23 in ageing and disturbed mineral metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Kuro-o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B24-20250626","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calciprotein particle (CPP): a true culprit of phosphorus woes?","volume":"34","author":"Kuro-o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nefrologia."},{"issue":"10","key":"B25-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw048","article-title":"Fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles in mineral trafficking and vascular disease","volume":"31","author":"Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"B26-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1116\/1.2714924","article-title":"Structural dynamics of a colloidal protein-mineral complex bestowing on calcium phosphate a high solubility in biological fluids","volume":"2","author":"Heiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biointerphases."},{"issue":"4","key":"B27-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200800719","article-title":"A shielding topology stabilizes the early stage protein-mineral complexes of fetuin-A and calcium phosphate: a time-resolved small-angle X-ray study","volume":"10","author":"Rochette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chembiochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"B28-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.10.030","article-title":"Fetuin-A is a mineral carrier protein: small angle neutron scattering provides new insight on Fetuin-A controlled calcification inhibition","volume":"99","author":"Heiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biophys J."},{"issue":"4","key":"B29-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000609","article-title":"Calciprotein particles: mineral behaving badly?","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"issue":"4","key":"B30-20250626","first-page":"344","article-title":"Calcium phosphate microcrystallopathy as a paradigm of chronic kidney disease progression","volume":"32","author":"Kuro-O","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"issue":"4","key":"B31-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F622","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00239.2023","article-title":"Liver and spleen predominantly mediate calciprotein particle clearance in a rat model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"326","author":"Zeper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B32-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64482-3","article-title":"Osteopontin inhibits mineral deposition and promotes regression of ectopic calcification","volume":"161","author":"Steitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B33-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.03.003","article-title":"Pyrophosphate: a key inhibitor of mineralisation","volume":"28","author":"Orriss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"B34-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309182","article-title":"Magnesium counteracts vascular calcification: passive interference or active modulation?","volume":"37","author":"Ter Braake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B35-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa222","article-title":"Magnesium to prevent kidney disease-associated vascular calcification: crystal clear?","volume":"37","author":"Ter Braake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"4","key":"B36-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2007.02.005","article-title":"Vascular calcification and fetuin-A deficiency in chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Westenfeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"B37-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009090944","article-title":"Fetuin-mineral complex reflects extraosseous calcification stress in CKD","volume":"21","author":"Hamano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B38-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy117","article-title":"Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and vascular calcification have a large hydrodynamic radius of secondary calciprotein particles","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"B39-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr609","article-title":"Phosphorylated fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles are associated with aortic stiffness and a procalcific milieu in patients with pre-dialysis CKD","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"4","key":"B40-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60904","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060904","article-title":"Fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles reduce mineral stress in the macrophage","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B41-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.044","article-title":"Calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells is induced by secondary calciprotein particles and enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"251","author":"Aghagolzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"45","key":"B42-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39185","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b12029","article-title":"Nano-hydroxyapatite stimulation of gene expression requires gf receptor, phosphate transporter, and Erk1\/2 signaling","volume":"9","author":"Ha","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Inter."},{"issue":"16","key":"B43-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145693","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145693","article-title":"Calcium phosphate microcrystals in the renal tubular fluid accelerate chronic kidney disease progression","volume":"131","author":"Shiizaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"22","key":"B44-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743161","article-title":"Vascular calcification: pathobiology of a multifaceted disease","volume":"117","author":"Demer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"3","key":"B45-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.11.013","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference","volume":"107","author":"Ketteler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"B46-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10941016","article-title":"Two phosphAte taRGets in end-stage renal disease trial (TARGET): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Wald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B47-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1216-2","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of different serum phosphate ranges in subjects on hemodialysis","volume":"20","author":"Bhargava","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B48-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000460","article-title":"Leveraging pragmatic clinical trial design to advance phosphate management in end-stage renal disease","volume":"28","author":"Wald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"issue":"6","key":"B49-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.10.008","article-title":"Design and rationale of HiLo: a pragmatic, randomized trial of phosphate management for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"77","author":"Edmonston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"B50-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150218","article-title":"Inorganic polyphosphate in cardiac myocytes: from bioenergetics to the permeability transition pore and cell survival","volume":"44","author":"Dedkova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans."},{"issue":"7","key":"B51-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1817358","article-title":"High extracellular phosphate increases platelet polyphosphate content","volume":"32","author":"Abbasian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets."},{"issue":"1","key":"B52-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210008","DOI":"10.20900\/immunometab20210008","article-title":"Mitochondrial calcification","volume":"3","author":"Duvvuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunometabolism."},{"issue":"4","key":"B53-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106355","article-title":"Phosphate depletion in insulin-insensitive skeletal muscle drives AMPD activation and sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Andres-Hernando","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience."},{"issue":"1","key":"B54-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020050716","article-title":"Intracellular phosphate and ATP depletion measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"32","author":"Chazot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B55-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00818.2023","article-title":"Association between dietary phosphate intake and skeletal muscle energetics in adults without cardiovascular disease","volume":"136","author":"Giacona","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"3","key":"B56-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010082","article-title":"Acute adaption to oral or intravenous phosphate requires parathyroid hormone","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B57-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3572","article-title":"Acute tissue mineral deposition in response to a phosphate pulse in experimental CKD","volume":"34","author":"Zelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"B58-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac162","article-title":"Vascular calcification maladaptively participates in acute phosphate homeostasis","volume":"119","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"B59-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2019.01.010","article-title":"ENPP1 in the regulation of mineralization and beyond","volume":"44","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"B60-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X14666181031141226","article-title":"Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase and vascular calcification: a potential therapeutic target","volume":"15","author":"Azpiazu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev."},{"key":"B61-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-562-0_3","article-title":"Multisystemic functions of alkaline phosphatases","volume":"1053","author":"Buchet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"B62-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a031229","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031229","article-title":"Mechanism of bone mineralization","volume":"8","author":"Murshed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"B63-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007248","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007248","article-title":"Smooth muscle-selective nuclear factor-\u03baB inhibition reduces phosphate-induced arterial medial calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Yoshida","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"B64-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.01.003","article-title":"A heart of stone: cardiac fibroblasts turn to bone in calcified hearts","volume":"20","author":"Ivey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"B65-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.10.005","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts adopt osteogenic fates and can Be targeted to attenuate pathological heart calcification","volume":"20","author":"Pillai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"issue":"12","key":"B66-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.47","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 is elevated before parathyroid hormone and phosphate in chronic kidney disease","volume":"79","author":"Isakova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"B67-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05474-y","article-title":"A novel fluorescent probe-based flow cytometric assay for mineral-containing nanoparticles in serum","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"B68-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0710729","article-title":"A study of intracellular orthophosphate concentration in human muscle and erythrocytes by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and selective chemical assay","volume":"71","author":"Bevington","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)."},{"key":"B69-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00360","article-title":"Phosphate assay kit in one cell for electrochemical detection of intracellular phosphate ions at single cells","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"B70-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19677-4","article-title":"Identification and quantification of plasma calciprotein particles with distinct physical properties in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Miura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"B71-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012030240","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based test measures overall propensity for calcification in serum","volume":"23","author":"Pasch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B72-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000237","article-title":"Novel assessments of systemic calcification propensity","volume":"25","author":"Pasch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"issue":"2","key":"B73-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04720416","article-title":"Blood calcification propensity, cardiovascular events, and survival in patients receiving hemodialysis in the EVOLVE trial","volume":"12","author":"Pasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B74-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060635","article-title":"Serum calcification propensity predicts all-cause mortality in predialysis CKD","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B75-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014070670","article-title":"Calcification propensity and survival among renal transplant recipients","volume":"27","author":"Keyzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B76-20250626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000665","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of phosphate-lowering agents for adult patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis: a network meta-analysis","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000000820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:57:49Z","timestamp":1786478269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000000820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0000000820","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]}}}