{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:32:02Z","timestamp":1786480322636,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Electrocardiography features have incremental value in prediction of heart failure in CKD beyond clinical features.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Comparison and integration in existing risk scores is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tools for predicting heart failure in patients with CKD remain limited. We aimed to study whether standard electrocardiography (ECG) features or heart rate variability parameters predict\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      heart failure hospitalization in individuals with CKD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a large New York University ECG database linked with electronic health records (2012\u20132021), we analyzed a cohort of patients with preexisting CKD. Besides standard ECG features, we extracted heart rate variability (measures the time between consecutive heart beats in milliseconds) features from the ECGs as predictors. The index ECG was the first ECG performed after the index eGFR date (baseline) and was required to be performed before initiation of dialysis, ESKD, or transplant. The primary outcome was time to index heart failure hospitalization (\u226530 days after the index ECG) on the basis of discharge International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator\u2013penalized Cox regression was used to identify predictors. Sensitivity analyses used Fine\u2013Gray competing risk models for death and ESKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 11,409 individuals (median age: 72 years; approximately 50% men) with a median of 976 days, 880 individuals (8%) experienced an index heart failure hospitalization. Models incorporating ECG and clinical parameters had excellent discrimination (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                      -statistic 0.76 in the training set and 0.73 in the validation set). Among ECG features, the PR interval, corrected QT, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                      axis were independently associated with higher risks of index heart failure hospitalization \u226530 days after the index ECG in both primary models (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 for all), and in models accounting for competing risks (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01 for all). History of arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 1.88), valvular disease (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.81), and diabetes (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.65) were the strongest clinical predictors. Heart rate variability parameters were not independently associated with heart failure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although ECG-derived heart rate variability indices were not independently associated with risk of heart failure, several standard ECG features are associated with heart failure hospitalization in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Podcast<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article contains a podcast at https:\/\/dts.podtrac.com\/redirect.mp3\/www.asn-online.org\/media\/podcast\/K360\/2026_07_30_KID0000001175.mp3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000001175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:03:19Z","timestamp":1774368199000},"page":"1588-1600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenotyping of Heart Failure in CKD Using Electrocardiography Features"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3182-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qandeel H.","family":"Soomro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7700-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niveda","family":"Shekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9385-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Office of Academic Affairs, Northwell Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-2678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinyere","family":"Okpara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foundations of Medicine, Center for Population and Health Services Research, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmin","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foundations of Medicine, Center for Population and Health Services Research, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Charytan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1-20260731","first-page":"e005336","article-title":"CKD progression risk and subsequent cause of death: a population-based cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Rai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"B2-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005336","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005336","article-title":"Risk factors for heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease: the CRIC (chronic renal insufficiency cohort) study","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"B4-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006101159","article-title":"Reduced kidney function as a risk factor for incident heart failure: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"18","author":"Kottgen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"12","key":"B5-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0295532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295532","article-title":"Causal relationship from heart failure to kidney function and CKD: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"21","key":"B6-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012336","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012336","article-title":"Cardiac biomarkers and risk of incident heart failure in chronic kidney disease: the CRIC (chronic renal insufficiency cohort) study","volume":"8","author":"Bansal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"B7-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2012.09.009","article-title":"Early identification of asymptomatic subjects at increased risk of heart failure and cardiovascular events: progress and future directions","volume":"22","author":"Coller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"issue":"3","key":"B8-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12290","article-title":"Early identification of acute heart failure at the time of presentation: do natriuretic peptides make the difference?","volume":"5","author":"M\u00f6ckel","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"issue":"4","key":"B9-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.01.1067","article-title":"Prediction of incident heart failure in CKD: the CRIC study","volume":"7","author":"Zelnick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"B10-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.06.036","article-title":"Electrocardiographic predictors of new\u2010onset heart failure in men and in women free of coronary heart disease (from the atherosclerosis in communities [ARIC] study)","volume":"100","author":"Rautaharju","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B11-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.09.082","article-title":"Electrocardiographic predictors of cardiovascular outcome in women: the national heart, lung, and blood institute-sponsored Women\u2019s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study","volume":"46","author":"Triola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B12-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.062","article-title":"Ventricular ectopy as a predictor of heart failure and death","volume":"66","author":"Dukes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B13-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.011","article-title":"Electrocardiographic predictors of incident heart failure in men and women free from manifest cardiovascular disease (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] study)","volume":"112","author":"Rautaharju","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B14-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014101045","article-title":"Electrocardiographic measures and prediction of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death in CKD","volume":"27","author":"Deo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"7","key":"B15-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy255","article-title":"The potential of electrocardiography for cardiac risk prediction in chronic and end-stage kidney disease","volume":"34","author":"Skampardoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"19","key":"B16-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B17-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"B18-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104519","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104519","article-title":"Validity of heart failure diagnoses in administrative databases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"McCormick","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"15","key":"B19-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6165","article-title":"Assessing the incremental predictive performance of novel biomarkers over standard predictors","volume":"33","author":"Xanthakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"446","key":"B20-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"B21-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000556","article-title":"Heart rate variability and its relation to chronic kidney disease: results from the PREVEND study","volume":"80","author":"Thio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"B22-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009111112","article-title":"Heart rate variability predicts ESRD and CKD-related hospitalization","volume":"21","author":"Brotman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"11","key":"B23-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options","volume":"143","author":"Jankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"11","key":"B24-20260731","first-page":"101340","article-title":"Performance of ambulatory electrocardiographic data for prediction of stroke and heart failure events","volume":"3","author":"Schwennesen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC: Adv."},{"issue":"9","key":"B25-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02248-7","article-title":"Heart rate variability: reference values and role for clinical profile and mortality in individuals with heart failure","volume":"113","author":"Zeid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B26-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07440711","article-title":"Electrocardiogram abnormalities and cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients with CKD","volume":"7","author":"Dobre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"B27-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04231206","article-title":"Kidney function, electrocardiographic findings, and cardiovascular events among older adults","volume":"2","author":"Kestenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"8","key":"B28-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12082020","article-title":"Electrocardiographic patterns of depolarization abnormalities help to identify reduced left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"12","author":"Gordeeva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)."},{"issue":"6","key":"B29-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.03.020","article-title":"Association of electrocardiogram abnormalities and incident heart failure events","volume":"167","author":"Gencer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"B30-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.975342","article-title":"Health, aging, and body composition study. Electrocardiographic PR interval and adverse outcomes in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"6","author":"Magnani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"B31-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308956","article-title":"Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Kwok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart."},{"issue":"12","key":"B32-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.13121","article-title":"QT interval independently predicts mortality and heart failure in patients with ST-Elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci."}],"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000001175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:03:19Z","timestamp":1786478599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000001175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0000001175","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}