{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:29:53Z","timestamp":1786480193603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IgA nephropathy is characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA1-containing immune complex with complement 3 (C3). Our previous study demonstrated that apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) plays a critical role in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgA-containing immune complex formation and subsequent complement activation in murine IgA nephropathy. We further evaluated the clinicopathological role of AIM in human IgA nephropathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 77 patients with IgA nephropathy, 5 patients with thin basement membrane disease as disease controls, and 40 age-matched healthy individuals as healthy controls. We analyzed the association between serum IgM-free AIM (sAIM)\/glomerular AIM (gAIM) deposition area and clinicopathological features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      sAIM level was higher in patients with IgA nephropathy at diagnosis than in disease and healthy controls (1.02 \u00b1 0.49 \u00b5g\/mL vs. 0.56 \u00b1 0.19 \u00b5g\/mL vs. 0.57 \u00b1 0.20 \u00b5g\/mL), significantly decreased to 0.67 \u00b1 0.44 \u00b5g\/mL after tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy, and was associated with serum IgA (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.23) and IgA\u2013IgG immune complex levels (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.12). gAIM was colocalized with mesangial IgA and high intensity of gAIM was associated with the degree of hematuria (30\u201349\/HPF vs. 10\u201319\/HPF) and acute lesions, including those with Oxford classification scores of endocapillary hypercellularity (E1 3% vs. E0 2%) and crescent formation (C1 3% vs. C0 2%). Furthermore, gAIM deposition was positively correlated with glomerular C3 deposition (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.54). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed sAIM as independent predictor of hematuria remission (HR = 1.86, 95% CI= 1.03-3.15). According to Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis, patients with larger reduction of sAIM (\u2265 0.45 \u00b5g\/mL) following tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy showed a significantly improved hematuria (6 vs. 9 months).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We suggest that IgA nephropathy patients with high sAIM levels have high disease activity and patients with high intensity of gAIM deposition have acute glomerular injuries leading to hematuria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000001202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1779465621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage and Acute Inflammation in IgA Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.34067","author":[{"given":"Rina","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2330-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4896-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayako","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Fukao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiko","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0345-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Nihei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3041-0416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiki","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9470-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1964-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoko","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4077-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000001202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:56:38Z","timestamp":1786478198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000001202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0000001202","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}