{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T17:27:56Z","timestamp":1786642076878,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n One-third of nephrology fellows reported a need for additional pathology education in a 2016 American Society of Nephrology needs assessment. WhatsApp\u00ae, a free messaging application, has emerged as a potential tool for medical education. We developed a WhatsApp\u00ae-based renal pathology curriculum designed to supplement training without increasing time burden. This mixed-methods study was conducted to assess the feasibility, satisfaction, and effectiveness of the WhatsApp\u00ae-based pathology curriculum.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Seventeen nephrology fellows at Mount Sinai Hospital were invited to participate in a WhatsApp\u00ae group dedicated to pathology education. A peer educator shared a weekly pathology image followed by a multiple-choice question (MCQ), with responses submitted via an anonymous online form. At the end of each week, a comprehensive teaching slide with explanations was provided. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed perceptions of pathology education, confidence, and knowledge. A voluntary focus group was conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis guided by the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Response rates were 29% for the pre-survey and 43% for the post-survey. All respondents expressed interest in additional pathology education. Based on platform read notifications, an average of 13\/14 fellows viewed weekly content, while 5\/14 submitted MCQ responses. Participants reported that the curriculum was accessible, relevant, and effective, with all respondents indicating increased confidence following the intervention. The mean program rating was 8.2\/10. Qualitative analysis identified themes aligned with the CoI framework: accessibility and ability to review (cognitive presence), communication and discussion (social presence), and perceived relevance of the curriculum, and facilitator feedback (teaching presence).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n A WhatsApp\u00ae-based pathology curriculum is a feasible and well-received supplement to nephrology training. Fellows reported high satisfaction and increased confidence, suggesting that mobile learning platforms may support flexible, learner-centered education.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000001290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:30:32Z","timestamp":1786638632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring a Kidney Pathology WhatsApp\u00ae Learning Curriculum through a Community of Inquiry Framework"],"prefix":"10.34067","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7144-1300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3961-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layla","family":"Fattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5598-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira S.","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000001290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:30:33Z","timestamp":1786638633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000001290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0000001290","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}