{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:29:50Z","timestamp":1786480190749,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is no consensus regarding dose and frequency of rituximab in nephrology with extrapolation of doses used in treating lymphoproliferative disorders. There are no guidelines on targeting initial and subsequent doses on the basis of CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initially, 100 mg rituximab was given to 42 adults with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), and high-immunologic-risk kidney transplantation. Absolute and percentage levels of CD19 B cells and clinical status were assessed at baseline, days 30, 90, and 180, and at 1 year. Subsequent doses of rituximab were on the basis of CD19 B cell reconstitution and clinical response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CD19 B cell percentage decreased from 16.3 \u00b1 7.6 to 0.3 \u00b1 0.3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22640.001), 1.9 \u00b1 1.7 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22640.001), and 4.0 \u00b1 4.5 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.005) by 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively. Suppression of CD19 B cell count below 1% at days 30, 90, and 180 was seen in 40 of 42 (95.2%), 18 of 42 (42.9%), and 7 of 42 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Of 30 with SDNS and FRNS followed up for 1 year, 29 (96.7%) went into remission at day 30. Remission was sustained in 23 (76.6%) at day 180 and 21 (70%) at 1 year. There was a significant decrease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) in the dose of steroids needed to maintain remission at 180 days after rituximab (0.27 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/kg to 0.02 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/kg). CD19 B cell percentage at 90 days correlated with relapse (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001; odds ratio 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.57). Eighteen (60%) required an additional dose. Of five with MN, four achieved remission by 6 months, which was sustained in three by 1 year. Of the seven kidney transplant recipients, two had antibody-mediated rejections, although CD19 B cells were suppressed even at 1 year.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-dose rituximab induces sustained depletion of CD19 B cells for up to 90 days. Its role in preventing relapses in SDNS, FRNS, MN, and rejection needs further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000072020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T18:25:15Z","timestamp":1585851915000},"page":"359-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical Response and Pattern of B cell Suppression with Single Low Dose Rituximab in Nephrology"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6592-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunu","family":"Alex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.T. Arun","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noble","family":"Gracious","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalanda S.","family":"Vineetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajeev","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.8.2825","article-title":"Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: Half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program","volume":"16","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin 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Efficacy of rituximab in refractory lupus nephritis","volume":"28","author":"Weidenbusch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B41-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909169","article-title":"Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis","volume":"363","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B42-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212878","article-title":"Comparison of individually tailored versus fixed-schedule rituximab regimen to maintain ANCA-associated vasculitis remission: Results of a multicentre, randomised controlled, phase III trial (MAINRITSAN2)","volume":"77","author":"Charles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B43-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04443-2","article-title":"Low-dose rituximab as induction therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"38","author":"Takakuwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B44-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4052-x","article-title":"Effect of different rituximab regimens on B cell depletion and time to relapse in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Hogan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"B45-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4172-3","article-title":"Low-dose rituximab is no less effective for nephrotic syndrome measured by 12-month outcome","volume":"34","author":"Maxted","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"B46-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12220","article-title":"A single dose of rituximab does not deplete B cells in secondary lymphoid organs but alters phenotype and function","volume":"13","author":"Kamburova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B47-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10764","article-title":"The relationship of FcgammaRIIIa genotype to degree of B cell depletion by rituximab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"48","author":"Anolik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B48-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2794-7","article-title":"Development of antirituximab antibodies in children with nephrotic syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"B49-20230821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34111-5","article-title":"Effects of rituximab dose on hepatitis B reactivation in patients with resolved infection undergoing immunologic incompatible kidney transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000072020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:56:44Z","timestamp":1786478204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0000072020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0000072020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}