{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:42Z","timestamp":1786480302237,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"Det Frie Forskningsfond","award":["0134-00407B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0134-00407B"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004915","name":"Nyreforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004824","name":"Dansk Nefrologisk Selskab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007696","name":"Oticon Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007438","name":"Familien Hede Nielsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007605","name":"Aarhus Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Only a minority of patients with the biochemical features of nephrotic syndrome (NS) receive hospital diagnoses specific to NS.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Patients identified with hospital-recorded NS are considerably different from those with biochemical features of NS.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Laboratory databases should complement hospital databases to fully elucidate the burden of NS and the prognosis of patients with NS.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Registry-based studies of nephrotic syndrome (NS) may only include a subset of patients with biochemical features of NS. To address this, we compared patients with laboratory-recorded nephrotic proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia to patients with hospital-recorded NS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified adult patients with first-time hospital-recorded NS (inpatients, outpatients, or emergency-room visitors) in the Danish National Patient Registry and compared them with adults with first-time recorded nephrotic proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia in Danish laboratory databases during 2004\u20132018, defining the date of admission or laboratory findings as the index date. We characterized these cohorts by demographics, comorbidity, medication use, and laboratory and histopathologic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 1139 patients with hospital-recorded NS and 5268 patients with nephrotic proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia; of these, 760 patients were identified in both cohorts. Within 1 year of the first record of nephrotic proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, 18% had recorded hospital diagnoses indicating the presence of NS, and 87% had diagnoses reflecting any kind of nephropathy. Among patients identified with nephrotic proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, their most recent eGFR was substantially lower (median of 35 versus 61 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), fewer underwent kidney biopsies around the index date (34% versus 61%), and the prevalence of thromboembolic disease (25% versus 17%) and diabetes (39% versus 18%) was higher when compared with patients with hospital-recorded NS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with nephrotic proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia are five-fold more common than patients with hospital-recorded NS, and they have a lower eGFR and more comorbidities. Selective and incomplete recording of NS may be an important issue when designing and interpreting studies of risks and prognosis of NS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000362021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T16:15:19Z","timestamp":1622736919000},"page":"1482-1490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Patients with Hospital-Recorded Nephrotic Syndrome and Patients with Nephrotic Proteinuria and Hypoalbuminemia: A Nationwide Study in Denmark"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8445-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren Viborg","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Birn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette Tarp","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6110-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Nitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Fynbo","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39576.709711.80","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in 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