{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:28Z","timestamp":1786480288103,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK007110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK114467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK114467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK131176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK131176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Dysnatremias were more common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than in those without COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Hypernatremia in patients with COVID-19 was associated with higher mortality than eunatremia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients without COVID-19, dysnatremia is associated with mortality. These relationships are not well established in patients with COVID-19. We tested the hypotheses that patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have dysnatremia than those without COVID-19 and that, among those with COVID-19, dysnatremia is associated with mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients admitted to a tertiary care center in the Bronx, New York, during the COVID-19 surge from March 11 to April 26, 2020. Using multinomial logistic regression models, we compared the prevalence of hypernatremia (serum sodium \u2265150 mEq\/L) and hyponatremia (serum sodium &lt;130 mEq\/L) on admission between patients with and without COVID-19. Among patients with COVID-19, we used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association of dysnatremia with mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with those without COVID-19 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1265), patients with COVID-19 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =3345) had a higher prevalence of hypernatremia (7% versus 4%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) and hyponatremia (7% versus 6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04). In adjusted models, COVID-19-positive patients had a higher likelihood of having hypernatremia (adjusted odds ratio=1.87, 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.57,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001) compared with COVID-19-negative patients, whereas the association between hyponatremia and COVID-19 status was no longer significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.06). Among patients with COVID-19, 775 (23%) died after a median follow-up of 17 days (IQR 7\u201327 days). Among nonsurvivors, 15% had hypernatremia and 8% had hyponatremia on admission. Hypernatremia was associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=1.28, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.63,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04) compared with patients with eunatremia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients hospitalized during the spring 2020 COVID-19 surge, COVID-19 status was associated with hypernatremia on admission. Among patients with COVID-19, hypernatremia was associated with higher mortality. Hypernatremia may be a potential prognostic marker for mortality in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0001062022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T20:10:31Z","timestamp":1654287031000},"page":"1323-1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Associations of Dysnatremia with COVID-19 Status and Mortality"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7398-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children\u2019s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New 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