{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:52Z","timestamp":1786480312448,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"Yale Department of Medicine, COVID Explorer data repository"},{"name":"Kidney Center at Yale","award":["P30DK079310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK079310"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health [NIH] Clinical and Translational Science","award":["UL1 TR001863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001863"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health [NIH] Clinical and Translational Science","award":["KL2 TR001862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2 TR001862"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health [NIH] Clinical and Translational Science","award":["TL1 TR001864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR001864"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Key Points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n We evaluated risk factors for AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) in a cohort of 3186 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Patients who were Latino, men, and those with lower eGFR or obesity experienced more AKI-D. Patients with AKI-D had increased odds of mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n After adjustment for covariates including baseline kidney function, proteinuria and hematuria were associated with increased odds of AKI-D.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n AKI is common in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors for AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) are not fully understood. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with AKI-D and AKI not requiring dialysis (AKI-ND).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We reviewed electronic health records of 3186 patients aged \u226518 years old who were hospitalized with COVID-19 across six hospitals. Patient characteristics, urinalysis findings, and inflammatory markers were analyzed for association with in-hospital AKI status (AKI-D, AKI-ND, or no AKI), and we subsequently evaluated mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n After adjustment for multiple covariates, higher baseline eGFR was associated with 30% lower odds of AKI-D and 11% lower odds of AKI-ND (for AKI-D, OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.77; for AKI-ND, OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.92). Patients with obesity and those who were Latino had increased odds of AKI-D, whereas patients with congestive heart failure or diabetes with complications had increased odds of AKI-ND. Females had lower odds of in-hospital AKI (for AKI-D, OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.46; for AKI-ND, OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99). After adjustment for covariates and baseline eGFR, 1\u20134+ protein on initial urinalysis was associated with a nine-fold increase in odds of AKI-D (OR, 9.00; 95% CI, 2.16 to 37.38) and more than two-fold higher odds of AKI-ND (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.66 to 3.13). Findings of 1\u20133+ blood and trace glucose on initial urinalysis were also associated with increased odds of both AKI-D and AKI-ND. AKI-D and AKI-ND were associated with in-hospital death (for AKI-D, OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.17; for AKI-ND, OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.77 to 3.35).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Active urine sediments, even after adjustment for baseline kidney function, and reduced baseline eGFR are significantly associated with increased odds of AKI-D and AKI-ND. In-hospital AKI was associated with in-hospital death. These findings may help prognosticate patients hospitalized with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0001612021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T16:10:21Z","timestamp":1621527021000},"page":"1215-1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of AKI-D with Urinary Findings and Baseline eGFR in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipal M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2268-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manali","family":"Phadke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Simonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5809-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neera K.","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Kodali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00356-5","article-title":"COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup","volume":"16","author":"Nadim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B2-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa160","article-title":"Acute kidney 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