{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:31Z","timestamp":1786480291226,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK95785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK95785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK114809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK114809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK007569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK007569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK116964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK116964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK062794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK062794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR002243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14SFRN20420046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14SFRN20420046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20POST35210952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20POST35210952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We found that elevated levels of copeptin are associated with peripheral insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with CKD stage 3\u20134.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We found no correlation between copeptin levels and hepatic insulin resistance in patients with CKD stage 3\u20134 or in our control group.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Further research is warranted to establish potential mechanistic links between vasopressin and peripheral insulin resistance in CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular disease risk and worsened kidney function. Patients with CKD have higher levels of insulin resistance. Elevated levels of copeptin (a surrogate for vasopressin levels) have been associated with an increased incidence and progression of CKD, and with incident diabetes mellitus. The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between insulin resistance, copeptin, and CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate if insulin resistance was associated with higher copeptin levels in nondiabetic patients with stage 3\u20134 CKD versus controls. We measured plasma copeptin levels and used data from 52 patients with stage 3\u20134 CKD and 85 controls (eGFR \u226560 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) enrolled in the Insulin Resistance in Chronic Kidney Disease (IRCKD) study. We then used a multivariable linear-regression model to assess the independent relationship between peripheral or hepatic insulin resistance and copeptin across levels of eGFR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that in patients with CKD (eGFR of 30\u201360 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), but not in controls, peripheral insulin resistance was significantly correlated with higher levels of log copeptin (r=\u22120.21,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04). In patients with CKD, when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, serum osmolality, log IL6, and log leptin\/adiponectin ratio, each 1 SD decrease in insulin sensitivity was associated with a 39% increase in serum copeptin levels. The relationship between hepatic insulin resistance, copeptin, and eGFR is similar between controls and patients with reduced eGFR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral insulin resistance is associated with elevated copeptin levels in nondiabetic patients with stage 3\u20134 CKD. Further research into how the interaction between peripheral insulin resistance and elevated vasopressin affects CKD progression could be of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0002622021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T14:40:15Z","timestamp":1625755215000},"page":"1434-1440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Peripheral Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Copeptin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvis A.","family":"Akwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Terker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9112-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aseel","family":"Alsouqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Bhave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond C.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana M.","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. Alp","family":"Ikizler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000130659","article-title":"Determinants of insulin resistance and its effects on protein metabolism in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"161","author":"Siew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"B2-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.09.034","article-title":"Insulin resistance in patients with chronic kidney 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