{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:36:48Z","timestamp":1791722208891,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"\n Key Points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n We developed a model for automated kidney and liver volumetry in ADPKD to provide assistance with time-consuming volumetry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The model works in both coronal and axial planes and was tested in the real-life setting using large multicentric cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The trained model is published along with the code to allow for further joint development and integration into commercial software packages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Imaging-based total kidney volume (TKV) and total liver volume (TLV) are major prognostic factors in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and end points for clinical trials. However, volumetry is time consuming and reader dependent in clinical practice. Our aim was to develop a fully automated method for joint kidney and liver segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate its performance in a multisequence, multicenter setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The convolutional neural network was trained on a large multicenter dataset consisting of 992 MRI scans of 327 patients. Manual segmentation delivered ground-truth labels. The model\u2019s performance was evaluated in a separate test dataset of 93 patients (350 MRI scans) as well as a heterogeneous external dataset of 831 MRI scans from 323 patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The segmentation model yielded excellent performance, achieving a median per study Dice coefficient of 0.92\u20130.97 for the kidneys and 0.96 for the liver. Automatically computed TKV correlated highly with manual measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.996\u20130.999) with low bias and high precision (\u22120.2%\u00b14% for axial images and 0.5%\u00b14% for coronal images). TLV estimation showed an ICC of 0.999 and bias\/precision of \u22120.5%\u00b13%. For the external dataset, the automated TKV demonstrated bias and precision of \u22121%\u00b17%.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Our deep learning model enabled accurate segmentation of kidneys and liver and objective assessment of TKV and TLV. Importantly, this approach was validated with axial and coronal MRI scans from 40 different scanners, making implementation in clinical routine care feasible.<\/jats:p>\n \n Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:<\/jats:bold>\n The German ADPKD Tolvaptan Treatment Registry (AD[H]PKD), NCT02497521\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0003192022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T10:15:11Z","timestamp":1664964911000},"page":"2048-2058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Automated Kidney and Liver Segmentation in MR Images in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02497521","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Woznicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Siedek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maatje D.A.","family":"van Gastel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4785-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Pinto","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6121-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sita","family":"Arjune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larina A.","family":"Karner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana Lourenco","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5928-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"Persigehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron T.","family":"Gansevoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Grundmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 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