{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:45:39Z","timestamp":1790653539904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1K01HL130712-01A5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01HL130712-01A5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/spmhrt8w6ivx","name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Campus Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RB19034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RB19034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/spmhrt8w6ivx","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U54MD012523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD012523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/spkz3x5hioti","name":"VR@Illinois of the UIUC Center for Innovation in Teaching & Learning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/spkz3x5hioti","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Virtual reality (VR) is an evolving technology that is becoming a common treatment for pain management and psychologic phobias. Although nonimmersive devices (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">g<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., the Nintendo Wii) have been previously tested with patients on hemodialysis, no studies to date have used fully immersive VR as a tool for intervention delivery. This pilot trial tests the initial safety, acceptability, and utility of VR during maintenance hemodialysis treatment sessions\u2014particularly, whether VR triggers motion sickness that mimics or negatively effects treatment-related symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., nausea).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients on hemodialysis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =20) were enrolled in a phase 1 single-arm proof-of-concept trial. While undergoing hemodialysis, participants were exposed to our new Joviality VR program. This 25-minute program delivers mindfulness training and guided meditation using the Oculus Rift head-mounted display. Participants experienced the program on two separate occasions. Before and immediately after exposure, participants recorded motion-related symptoms and related discomfort on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Utility measures included the end-user\u2019s ability to be fully immersed in the virtual space, interact with virtual objects, find hardware user friendly, and easily navigate the Joviality program with the System Usability Scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age was 55.3 (\u00b113.1) years; 80% male; 60% Black; and mean dialysis vintage was 3.56 (\u00b13.75) years. At the first session, there were significant decreases in treatment and\/or motion-related symptoms after VR exposure (22.6 versus 11.2;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03); scores &gt;20 indicate problematic immersion. Hemodialysis end-users reported high levels of immersion in the VR environment and rated the software easy to operate, with average System Usability Scale scores of 82.8 out of 100.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients on hemodialysis routinely suffer from fatigue, nausea, lightheadedness, and headaches that often manifest during their dialysis sessions. Our Joviality VR program decreased symptom severity without adverse effects. VR programs may be a safe platform to improve the experience of patients on dialysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0005522020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T15:22:54Z","timestamp":1610119374000},"page":"435-444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Mindfulness-based Virtual Reality Intervention in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study on End-user Perceptions and Safety"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Rosalba","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of 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