{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:25:06Z","timestamp":1793823906181,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"bioMerieux, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Among hospitalized patients with stage 2\/3 AKI, persistent severe acute kidney injury (PS-AKI) is associated with significantly longer length of stay (LOS) and higher costs during index hospitalization and 30 days postdischarge.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Relative differences in LOS and costs for PS-AKI versus NPS-AKI were similar for intensive care (ICU) and non-ICU patients.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Preventing PS-AKI among patients with stage 2\/3 AKI may reduce hospital LOS and costs.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent severe acute kidney injury (PS-AKI) is associated with worse clinical outcomes, but there are no data on costs of PS-AKI. We compared costs and health care resource utilization for inpatients with PS-AKI versus not persistent severe AKI (NPS-AKI) overall and by ICU use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study included 126,528 adult US inpatients in the PINC AI Healthcare Database (PHD), discharged from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, with KDIGO stage 2 or 3 AKI (by serum creatinine [SCr] criteria) during hospitalization, length of stay (LOS) \u22653 days, and \u22653 SCr measurements. Patients were categorized as PS-AKI (defined as stage 3 AKI lasting \u22653 days or with death within 3 days or stage 2\/3 AKI (by SCr criteria) with dialysis within 3 days) or NPS-AKI. Generalized linear model regression compared LOS and costs during index hospitalization (total cohort) and 30 days postdischarge (survivors of index hospitalization), adjusted for patient, hospital, and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 126,528 patients with stage 2\/3 AKI, 30,916 developed PS-AKI. In adjusted models, compared with NPS-AKI, patients with PS-AKI had 32% longer total LOS (+3.3 days), 45% longer ICU LOS (+2.6 days), 46% higher total costs (+$13,143), 58% higher ICU costs (+$15,908), and during 30 days postdischarge 13% longer readmission LOS (+1.0 day), 22% higher readmission costs (+$4049), and 12% higher outpatient costs (+$206) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.005 for all). Relative LOS and cost differences for PS-AKI versus NPS-AKI were similar for ICU (n=57,947) and non-ICU (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =68,581) patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among hospitalized patients with stage 2\/3 AKI, PS-AKI was associated with significantly longer LOS and higher costs during index hospitalization and 30 days postdischarge, overall, and in ICU and non-ICU patients. Preventing PS-AKI among patients with stage 2\/3 AKI may reduce hospital LOS and costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0005552022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T02:00:17Z","timestamp":1671415217000},"page":"316-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs of Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury (PS-AKI) Among Hospitalized Stage 2\/3 AKI Patients"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jay L.","family":"Koyner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel H.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premier, Inc., PINC AI Applied Sciences, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning A.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premier, Inc., PINC AI Applied Sciences, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Carabuena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premier, Inc., PINC AI Applied Sciences, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Patrick","family":"Kampf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astute Medical Inc. (a bioMerieux company), San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Echeverri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter Healthcare, Global Medical Affairs, Deerfield, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astute Medical Inc. (a bioMerieux company), San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blackowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter Healthcare, Global Medical Affairs, Deerfield, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMerieux, Inc., Global Medical Affairs, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti R.","family":"Sanghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMerieux, Inc., Global Medical Affairs, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Textoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bioMerieux, SA, Global Medical Affairs, Marcy-l\u2032\u00c9toile, France"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Anesth\u00e9sie et de R\u00e9animation, Lyon, 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