{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:40Z","timestamp":1786480300727,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016944","name":"Regenerative Medicine Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RMM 091718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RMM 091718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK118120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK118120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK109134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK109134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK123492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK123492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK076169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK076169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK115255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK115255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mary Kathryn and Michael B. Panitch","award":["Career Development Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Career Development Award"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["634086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["634086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["602470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09\/SRC-B1794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/SRC-B1794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13\/RC\/2073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/RC\/2073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Drawing from basic knowledge of stem-cell biology, embryonic development, wound healing, and aging, regenerative medicine seeks to develop therapeutic strategies that complement or replace conventional treatments by actively repairing diseased tissue or generating new organs and tissues. Among the various clinical-translational strategies within the field of regenerative medicine, several can be broadly described as promoting disease resolution indirectly through local or systemic interactions with a patient\u2019s cells, without permanently integrating or directly forming new primary tissue. In this review, we focus on such therapies, which we term disease-modulating regenerative therapies (DMRT), and on the extent to which they have been translated into the clinical arena in four distinct areas of nephrology: renovascular disease (RVD), sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and kidney transplantation (KTx). As we describe, the DMRT that has most consistently progressed to human clinical trials for these indications is mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (MSCs), which potently modulate ischemic, inflammatory, profibrotic, and immune-mediated tissue injury through diverse paracrine mechanisms. In KTx, several early-phase clinical trials have also tested the potential for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013expanded regulatory immune cell therapies to promote donor-specific tolerance and prevent or resolve allograft injury. Other promising DMRT, including adult stem\/progenitor cells, stem cell\u2013derived extracellular vesicles, and implantable hydrogels\/biomaterials remain at varying preclinical stages of translation for these renal conditions. To date (2021), no DMRT has gained market approval for use in patients with RVD, SA-AKI, DKD, or KTx, and clinical trials demonstrating definitive, cost-effective patient benefits are needed. Nonetheless, exciting progress in understanding the disease-specific mechanisms of action of MSCs and other DMRT, coupled with increasing knowledge of the pathophysiologic basis for renal-tissue injury and the experience gained from pioneering early-phase clinical trials provide optimism that influential, regenerative treatments for diverse kidney diseases will emerge in the years ahead.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0005692020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T17:55:16Z","timestamp":1611770116000},"page":"542-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Progress toward the Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Other Disease-Modulating Regenerative Therapies: Examples from the Field of Nephrology"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"2","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02585622","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03840343","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04125329","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04216849","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02008851","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03270956","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02836574","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04388761","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"LaTonya J.","family":"Hickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bairbre A.","family":"McNicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at C\u00daRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare System, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Critical Care Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare System, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at C\u00daRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare System, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250825","first-page":"17","article-title":"The emergence of regenerative medicine: A new field and a new society","volume":"2","author":"Haseltine","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Regen Med"},{"key":"B2-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14452","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508520112","article-title":"Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions","volume":"112","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B3-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101077","article-title":"(Re)Building a kidney","volume":"28","author":"Oxburgh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B4-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114331","article-title":"Generating kidney from stem cells","volume":"81","author":"Little","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B5-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0176-x","article-title":"Human kidney organoids: Progress and remaining challenges","volume":"15","author":"Nishinakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B6-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.05.004","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells: Clinical challenges and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"22","author":"Galipeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B7-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X689622","article-title":"Clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells: An update","volume":"25","author":"Squillaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"B8-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016111206","article-title":"Cell therapy in kidney transplantation: Focus on regulatory T cells","volume":"28","author":"Zwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B9-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3227","article-title":"Regulatory immune cells in transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Wood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B10-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015060664","article-title":"Urine of preterm neonates as a novel source of kidney progenitor cells","volume":"27","author":"Arcolino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B11-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2016-0053","article-title":"Clinical-grade isolated human kidney perivascular stromal cells as an organotypic cell source for kidney regenerative medicine","volume":"6","author":"Leuning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"B12-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.44","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Toward cell-free therapeutic applications","volume":"23","author":"Rani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B13-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180434","article-title":"The use of hydrogels for cell-based treatment of chronic kidney disease","volume":"132","author":"McFetridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B15-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.219","article-title":"Restoring the renal microvasculature to treat chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B16-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.007","article-title":"Renovascular hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Herrmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B17-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11082","article-title":"Emerging paradigms in chronic kidney ischemia","volume":"72","author":"Eirin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B18-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310753","article-title":"Stenting and medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis","volume":"370","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B19-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.000219","article-title":"Stent revascularization restores cortical blood flow and reverses tissue hypoxia in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis but fails to reverse inflammatory pathways or glomerular filtration rate","volume":"6","author":"Saad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"B20-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000513","article-title":"Novel therapeutic strategies for renovascular disease","volume":"28","author":"Eirin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B21-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32835b36c1","article-title":"Renal microvascular dysfunction, hypertension and CKD progression","volume":"22","author":"Bidani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B22-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00483.x","article-title":"Nephron pO2 and renal oxygen usage in the hypertensive rat kidney","volume":"59","author":"Welch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B23-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2010.154","article-title":"Epidemiology of hypertensive kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Udani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B24-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1047","article-title":"Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve revascularization outcomes to restore renal function in swine atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Eirin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B25-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078464","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) prevented the progression of renovascular hypertension, improved renal function and architecture","volume":"8","author":"Oliveira-Sales","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B26-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017020151","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cells increase cortical perfusion in renovascular disease","volume":"28","author":"Saad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B27-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718780942","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improve the renal microvasculature in metabolic renovascular disease in swine","volume":"27","author":"Eirin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"B28-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.023","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate kidney inflammation","volume":"92","author":"Eirin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B29-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101240","article-title":"Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and kidney regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Grange","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B30-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.164","article-title":"Treatment of brain inflammatory diseases by delivering exosome encapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs from the nasal region to the brain","volume":"19","author":"Zhuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B31-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02837","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome: Influencing therapeutic potential by cellular pre-conditioning","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0389-x","article-title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease have increased DNA damage and reduced angiogenesis that can be modified by hypoxia","volume":"7","author":"Saad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B33-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.11.022","article-title":"In a phase 1a escalating clinical trial, autologous mesenchymal stem cell infusion for renovascular disease increases blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate while reducing inflammatory biomarkers and blood pressure","volume":"97","author":"Abumoawad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B34-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X685582","article-title":"Intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells attenuates hypertensive cardiomyopathy in experimental renovascular hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Eirin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"B35-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013050502","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in AKI","volume":"24","author":"Kinsey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B36-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0115","article-title":"Concise reviews: Stem cells and kidney regeneration: An update","volume":"8","author":"Marcheque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"B37-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4755-7","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in sepsis","volume":"43","author":"Bellomo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B38-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B39-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0374-x","article-title":"Duration of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients","volume":"8","author":"Federspiel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"B40-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206813","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cells decrease the severity of acute lung injury induced by E. coli in the rat","volume":"70","author":"Devaney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B41-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000080","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in mice","volume":"41","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B42-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X508942","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate organ injury induced by LPS and burn","volume":"19","author":"Yagi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"B43-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-018-0194-1","article-title":"Clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord improve septic shock in pigs","volume":"6","author":"Laroye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"B44-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201001-0010OC","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammation while enhancing bacterial clearance and improving survival in sepsis","volume":"182","author":"Mei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B45-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1905","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E(2)-dependent reprogramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production [published correction appears in Nat Med 15: 462, 2009]","volume":"15","author":"N\u00e9meth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B46-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00180.2011","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells reduce mortality and bacteremia in gram-negative sepsis in mice in part by enhancing the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes","volume":"302","author":"Krasnodembskaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"B47-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01191","article-title":"Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): Mechanisms of action of living, apoptotic, and dead MSCs","volume":"10","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam7828","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam7828","article-title":"Apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells induces in vivo recipient-mediated immunomodulation","volume":"9","author":"Galleu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B49-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.12.019","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for acute kidney injury: Progress in the last decade","volume":"97","author":"Fazekas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B50-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702021","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02021-2017","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells enhance NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species production and bacterial killing in macrophages during sepsis","volume":"51","author":"Rabani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B51-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10145","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10145","article-title":"Sepsis induces long-term metabolic and mitochondrial muscle stem cell dysfunction amenable by mesenchymal stem cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Rocheteau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B52-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1236","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001999","article-title":"Carbon monoxide improves efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells during sepsis by production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators","volume":"44","author":"Tsoyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B53-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1365-z","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid potentiates the therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on lung and distal organ injury in experimental sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B54-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.698","article-title":"Pretreatment with interferon-\u03b3 enhances the therapeutic activity of mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models of colitis","volume":"29","author":"Duijvestein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B55-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211576","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles in an ex vivo perfused human lung injured with severe E. coli pneumonia","volume":"74","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B56-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201705-1006OC","article-title":"Cellular immunotherapy for septic shock. A phase I clinical trial","volume":"197","author":"McIntyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B57-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003657","article-title":"Effects of mesenchymal stem cell treatment on systemic cytokine levels in a phase 1 dose escalation safety trial of septic shock patients","volume":"47","author":"Schlosser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B58-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101150","article-title":"Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of AKI after cardiac surgery","volume":"29","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B59-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt385","article-title":"Apoptotic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy protects against lung and kidney injury in sepsis syndrome caused by cecal ligation puncture in rats","volume":"4","author":"Sung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B60-20250825","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4\u00b74 million participants [published correction appears in Lancet 389: e2, 2017 10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32060-8]","volume":"387","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B61-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.04.011","article-title":"Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the global, regional, and national trends of chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016","volume":"94","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B62-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72271","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"124","author":"Reidy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B63-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01314-y","article-title":"Role of senescent renal cells in pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"20","author":"Wiley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"B64-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0734-6","article-title":"The promise of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for diabetic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Griffin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"B65-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1084","article-title":"Diabetes impairs stem cell and proangiogenic cell mobilization in humans","volume":"36","author":"Fadini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B66-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","article-title":"Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial [published correction appears in Lancet 393: 1936, 2019 10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30939-0]","volume":"393","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B67-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B68-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00179","article-title":"Stem\/stromal cells for treatment of kidney injuries with focus on preclinical models","volume":"5","author":"Torres Crigna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B69-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1401-z","article-title":"Intervention for early diabetic nephropathy by mesenchymal stem cells in a preclinical nonhuman primate model","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B70-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.05.031","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation ameliorates glomerular injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibiting macrophage infiltration","volume":"17","author":"Lv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B71-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2003090795","article-title":"A novel mechanism by which hepatocyte growth factor blocks tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B72-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2018.01.002","article-title":"Mesenchymal-myeloid interaction in the regulation of immunity","volume":"35","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B73-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0023-5","article-title":"Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in inflammatory diseases","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B74-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08921-y","article-title":"Umbilical cord extracts improve diabetic abnormalities in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and increase their therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Nagaishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B75-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41100-9","article-title":"Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit and revert fibrosis progression in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"9","author":"Grange","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B76-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0068","article-title":"Inactivated mesenchymal stem cells maintain immunomodulatory capacity","volume":"25","author":"Luk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"B77-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3151","article-title":"Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on regulatory T cells: Current understanding and clinical relevance","volume":"38","author":"Negi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B78-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2016.07.001","article-title":"Implantation of autologous selected renal cells in diabetic chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4\u2014clinical experience of a \u201cfirst in human\u201d study","volume":"1","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B79-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.15.43","article-title":"Selected renal cells modulate disease progression in rodent models of chronic kidney disease via NF-\u03baB and TGF-\u03b21 pathways","volume":"10","author":"Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"B80-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18104","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18104","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-laden anti-inflammatory hydrogel enhances diabetic wound healing","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B81-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.09.011","article-title":"Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) in diabetic nephropathy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study","volume":"12","author":"Packham","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B82-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014040378","article-title":"Through a glass darkly: Seeking clarity in preventing late kidney transplant failure","volume":"26","author":"Stegall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B83-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01287","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells for transplant tolerance","volume":"10","author":"Podest\u00e0","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B84-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.316","article-title":"Induction therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in living-related kidney transplants: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"307","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B85-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15910","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen selected allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in renal transplantation: The Neptune study, a phase I single-center study","volume":"20","author":"Dreyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B86-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.08.046","article-title":"Infusion of third-party mesenchymal stromal cells after kidney transplantation: A phase I-II, open-label, clinical study","volume":"95","author":"Erpicum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B87-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12338","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells transplantation in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation: A pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Mudrabettu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"B88-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01359","article-title":"Long-term clinical and immunological profile of kidney transplant patients given mesenchymal stromal cell immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Perico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B89-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2012-0114","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of allograft rejection after renal transplantation: Results of a phase I study","volume":"2","author":"Reinders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"B90-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182754c53","article-title":"Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with low-dose tacrolimus prevent acute rejection after renal transplantation: A clinical pilot study [published correction appears in Transplantation 97: e37, 2014]","volume":"95","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B91-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12132","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells and kidney transplantation: Pretransplant infusion protects from graft dysfunction while fostering immunoregulation","volume":"26","author":"Perico","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B92-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143607","article-title":"Infusing mesenchymal stromal cells into porcine kidneys during normothermic machine perfusion: Intact MSCs can be traced and localised to glomeruli","volume":"20","author":"Pool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B93-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002455","article-title":"Potentiating renal regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"103","author":"Brasile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B94-20250825","article-title":"Ex vivo administration of mesenchymal stromal cells in kidney grafts against ischemia reperfusion injury - effective delivery without kidney function improvement posttransplant [published online ahead of print September 18, 2020]","author":"Lohmann","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B95-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.214767","article-title":"Apoptotic mesenchymal stromal cells induce prostaglandin E2 in monocytes: Implications for the monitoring of mesenchymal stromal cell activity","volume":"104","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B96-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00043","article-title":"Past, present, and future of regulatory T cell therapy in transplantation and autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Romano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B97-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-015-1313-z","article-title":"Cell therapy for immunosuppression after kidney transplantation","volume":"400","author":"Morath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"B98-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25574-7","article-title":"A phase I clinical trial with ex vivo expanded recipient regulatory T cells in living donor kidney transplants","volume":"8","author":"Mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B99-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14415","article-title":"Polyclonal regulatory T cell therapy for control of inflammation in kidney transplants","volume":"17","author":"Chandran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B100-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30167-7","article-title":"Regulatory cell therapy in kidney transplantation (The ONE Study): A harmonised design and analysis of seven non-randomised, single-arm, phase 1\/2A trials","volume":"395","author":"Sawitzki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B101-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3734","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3734","article-title":"Regulatory T cells for minimising immune suppression in kidney transplantation: Phase I\/IIa clinical trial","volume":"371","author":"Roemhild","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B102-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13504","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells in organ transplantation","volume":"33","author":"Ochando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B103-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100762","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Immunological consequences and trafficking of human regulatory macrophages administered to renal transplant recipients","volume":"187","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B104-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133595","article-title":"Phase I trial of donor-derived modified immune cell infusion in kidney transplantation","volume":"130","author":"Morath","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B105-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2015.11.023","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for stem cell therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"89","author":"Hickson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B106-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-018-9809-x","article-title":"Dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetic patients as result of oxidative stress and autophagy may limit their potential therapeutic use","volume":"14","author":"Kornicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"B107-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2013.01.010","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with end-stage renal disease are suitable for autologous therapy","volume":"15","author":"Reinders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B108-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000720","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000720","article-title":"Senescence marker activin A is increased in human diabetic kidney disease: Association with kidney function and potential implications for therapy","volume":"7","author":"Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B109-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12950","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12950","article-title":"Targeting senescent cells alleviates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Palmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B110-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2014","article-title":"A crucial role for adipose tissue p53 in the regulation of insulin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Minamino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B111-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.069","article-title":"Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease [published correction appears in EBioMedicine 52: 102595, 2020 10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.12.004]","volume":"47","author":"Hickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B112-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14769","article-title":"Melatonin preconditioning is an effective strategy for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B113-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90598","article-title":"Transplant trials with Tregs: Perils and promises","volume":"127","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B114-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523217666170412110724","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for renal repair","volume":"17","author":"Nargesi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"}],"container-title":["Kidney360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0005692020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:02:19Z","timestamp":1786478539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.34067\/KID.0005692020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/kid.0005692020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-7650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-7650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}