{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:54:00Z","timestamp":1792155240208,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney360"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"\n Key Points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n The rate of AKI is similar in COV-AKI and FLU-AKI, although risk of stage 3 AKI is higher in COV-AKI and is associated with a poorer prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Black race and mechanical ventilation are associated with a higher risk of COV-AKI. CKD is a major risk factor for AKI in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n COV-AKI is associated with a 2.3-fold higher odds of proteinuria 2+ or more in comparison with FLU-AKI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often compared with seasonal influenza and the two diseases have similarities, including the risk of systemic manifestations such as AKI. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 and influenza.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective cohort study of patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =325) or seasonal influenza (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =433). AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Baseline characteristics and hospitalization data were collected, and multivariable analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors for AKI.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n AKI occurred in 33% of COVID-19 hospitalizations (COV-AKI) and 33% of influenza hospitalizations (FLU-AKI). After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity count, the risk of stage 3 AKI was significantly higher in COV-AKI (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.63 to 7.37). Pre-existing CKD was associated with a six- to seven-fold increased likelihood for FLU-AKI and COV-AKI. Mechanical ventilation was associated with a higher likelihood of developing AKI in the COVID-19 cohort (OR, 5.85; 95% CI, 2.30 to 15.63). Black race, after adjustment for comorbidities, was an independent risk for COV-AKI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Pre-existing CKD was a major risk factor for AKI in both cohorts. Black race (independent of comorbidities) and mechanical ventilation were associated with a higher risk of developing COV-AKI, which is characterized by a higher burden of stage 3 AKI and overall poorer prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0007322020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T16:25:31Z","timestamp":1614356731000},"page":"619-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["AKI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza: A Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.34067","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Bhavna","family":"Bhasin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet","family":"Veitla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aprill Z.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuping","family":"Garacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sturgill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bellin Health Systems, Green Bay, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukoso N.","family":"Ozieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Regner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.006","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"98","author":"Hirsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney 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